The liquid product obtained via the biomass flash pyrolysis is commonly called bio-oil or pyrolysis oil. Bio-oils can be used as sources for chemicals or as fuels, primarily in mixtures or emulsions with fossil fuels. A detailed chemical characterization of bio-oil is necessary to determine its potential uses. Such characterization demands a powerful analytical technique such as comprehensive t...

We report data from eight participants who made alignment judgements between a moving object and a stationary, continuously visible 'landmark'. A reversing object had to overshoot the landmark by a significant amount in order to appear to reverse aligned with it. In addition, an adjacent flash irrelevant to the judgment task reliably increased this illusory 'foreshortening'. This and other resu...

Abstract NAND flash memory is one of the most aggressively scaled technologies among electronic devices recently. The massive increase in the capacity makes flash memory possible for enterprise applications, such as the database system. However, the characteristic of erase-before-write makes flash memory very challenging for the database management. A non-in-place update technique may be exploi...

The human cone electroretinogram (ERG) to flash trains and double flashes at different interflash intervals was studied. A double ganzfeld stimulator was used in which computer controlled flashes were presented independently in the presence of strong rod saturating backgrounds. Corneal ERGs were examined at different frequencies of flash train presentations. Flash trains with individual flashes...

Briefly flashed visual stimuli presented during smooth object- or self-motion are systematically mislocalized. This phenomenon is called the "flash-lag effect" (Nijhawan, 1994). All previous studies had one common characteristic, the subject's sense of motion. Here we asked whether motion perception is a necessary condition for the flash-lag effect to occur. In our first experiment, we briefly ...

Adobe Flash can be used to run complex psychological experiments over the Web. We examined the reliability of using Flash to measure reaction times (RTs) using a simple binary-choice task implemented both in Flash and in a Linux-based system known to record RTs with millisecond accuracy. Twenty-four participants were tested in the laboratory using both implementations; they also completed the F...

The flash-lag effect occurs when a flash abreast of a smoothly moving object is perceived to spatially lag the moving object. The postdiction accounts of this effect assume either that the flash "resets" motion detectors [Science 287 (2000) 2036], or that position information is not computed for moving objects until it is needed [Trends in the Neurosciences 25 (2002) 293], the latter view havin...

With a significant growth of the markets for consumer electronics and various embedded systems, flash memory is now an economic solution for storage systems design. For index structures which require intensively fine-grained updates/modifications, block-oriented access over flash memory could introduce a significant number of redundant writes. It might not only severely degrade the overall perf...