BACKGROUND Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) are used interchangeably, although both suggest quite different pathological processes. OBJECTIVE To investigate key differences in selection criteria used for inclusion into research studies. METHODS An electronic database search was performed from inception to June 2016. All primary research...

The presence of a venous pumping mechanism in the foot may be significant for return lower extremities. anatomy and physiology pump {VFP} is essential effective interventions prevention, treatment, management disease limbs. Though many studies have identified risk factors prevalence disease, only few investigated progression. Therefore, aim this study was to investigate relationship flatfoot v...

Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction is a progressive condition usually associated with an overpronated foot (flatfoot). It can be debilitating in its later chronic stages severely affecting the ADL’s of individual if not identified earliest stages.As earlier detection may help prevent or halt progression PTTD advanced severe younger individuals age 18 to 25 years flatfeet. The assessment for ...