The currently available fluoroquinolones have modest activity against anaerobes. Newer fluoroquinolones with increased in vitro activity against anaerobes are under development and include levofloxacin, clinafioxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafioxacin, grepafloxacin, and DU-6859a. Side effects of the quinolones have varied according to the specific compounds and include central nervous system stimula...

BACKGROUND Antibiotic therapies used in treatment of many diseases have adverse effects on fertility. This review analyzes previous comparative studies that surveyed the effects of two common groups of antibiotics on male fertility. OBJECTIVE To evaluate histo-pathological effects of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides on sperm parameters and male reproductive tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS...

BACKGROUND Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has consistently been the recommended drug for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Which antibiotics physicians use has implications for patient outcomes, antimicrobial resistance, and costs. METHODS This study was based on a sample survey of practicing physicians participating in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1989 throu...

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones have been suspected to cause cardiac arrhythmia but data are lacking, particularly for the individual fluoroquinolones. We assessed the risk of serious arrhythmia, defined as ventricular arrhythmia or sudden/unattended death identified in hospital discharge diagnoses, related to fluoroquinolones as a class as well as for each individual molecule. METHODS We used a ...

CONTEXT Fluoroquinolones are commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics. Despite numerous case reports of ocular toxicity, a pharmacoepidemiological study of their ocular safety, particularly retinal detachment, has not been performed. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between use of oral fluoroquinolones and the risk of developing a retinal detachment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Nest...

BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of the global burden of typhoid fever occurs in South Asia. Kathmandu, Nepal experienced a substantial increase in the number of typhoid fever cases (caused by Salmonella Typhi) between 2000 and 2003, which subsequently declined but to a higher endemic level than in 2000. This epidemic of S. Typhi coincided with an increase in organisms with reduced susceptib...

Bacterial DNA gyrase is an important target of antibacterial agents, including fluoroquinolones. In most bacterial species, fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and cause bacterial cell-death. Other naturally occurring bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors, such as novobiocin, are also known to be effective as antibacterial agents. DNA gyrase is an ATP-dependent enzyme that acts b...

Resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones is being increasingly reported among human but also veterinary isolates during the last two to three decades, very likely as a consequence of the large clinical usage of those antibiotics. Even if the principle mechanisms of resistance to quinolones are chromosome-encoded, due to modifications of molecular targets (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV), ...

Although gemifloxacin has low in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the effect of gemifloxacin on the delay of tuberculosis (TB) treatment has not been validated in a clinical setting. The study group included patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB who initially received gemifloxacin for suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Two control groups contained patients tr...

The in vitro activity of a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, BAY 12-8039, against recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 404), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 330), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 250) was evaluated. Activity was compared to those of six other fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin. BAY 12-8039 and clinaflox...