The objective of the present research was to determine the appropriate amount of fluoride to use professional topical application and the residual amounts of fluoride in the oral cavity using a 2% neutral sodium fluoride (NaF) foam with a dedicated tray. Using dentition study models, a method for determining the appropriate amount of NaF foam was investigated. In eight adult subjects, the appro...

When using appropriate surfactants, oil and aqueous foam can be intimately mixed without the foam being destroyed. In this Letter, we show that a foam, initially free of oil, can draw an oil drop under the action of capillary forces and stretch it through the aqueous network. We focus on the suction of oil by a single horizontal foam channel, known as a Plateau border. In such confined channels...

background: considering progressive increase in the senile population and increasing number of parkinson patients (pp) and their movement disorders, researchers are searching for some non-medicinal strategies (i.e. corrective exercises) to promote the efficiency of physical performance and quality of life (qol) among pp. the aim of this study was to assess the fear of falling (fof) and qol foll...

In this study, optimization is carried out to find the optimized design of a foam-filled column for the best Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) and Crush Force Efficiency (CFE). In order to maximize SEA, the optimization gives the value of 2.3 for column thickness and 151.7 for foam length. On the other hand to maximize CFE, the optimization gives the value of 1.1 for column thickness and 200 for...

This paper is focused on using foam concrete as structural element in polymer-concrete composite plate girders. Trial mixes of foam concrete and different proportions of foam agent were considered to obtain the suitable mix that can be used as structural element in composite girders system. Details of the experimental investigations on foam concrete precast slabs and polymer-concrete composite ...

We use a rigid axisymetric microfluidic flow focusing device to produce monodisperse bubbles, dispersed in a surfactant solution. The gas volume fraction of the dispersion collected out of this device can be as large as 90%, demonstrating that foam with solid-like viscoelastic properties can be produced in this way. The polydispersity of the bubbles is so low that we observe crystallization of ...

In this note we study the correspondence between the " relativistic spin foam " model introduced by Barrett, Crane and Baez and the so(4) Plebanski action. We argue that the so(4) Plebanski model is the continuum analog of the relativistic spin foam model. We prove that the Plebanski action possess four phases, one of which is gravity and outline the discrepancy between this model and the model...

The expansion of molten aluminum foam was studied to determine flow mechanisms in the cellular melt. The structure of the foaming melt evolved through a series of deformation stages before the foam stabilized and solidified. Changes in cell geometry during foam expansion were observed at different positions within the mold cavity and analyzed to determine flow mechanisms. The deformation patter...

An instrument was designed and assembled with the aim of measuring macroscopic properties of foams ~such as foamability and stability! under high pressures and moderate temperatures ~up to 105 bar and 425 K, respectively!. The device makes use of infrared sensors to detect the foam forefront position as it is generated by gas sparging in the foaming solution. The measurement makes use of a modi...