The study of microbial pathogenesis has been primarily a reductionist science since Koch's principles. Reductionist approaches are essential to identify the causal agents of infectious disease, their molecular mechanisms of action, and potential drug targets, and much of medicine's success in the treatment of infectious disease stems from that approach. But many bacteria-caused diseases cannot ...

Address for correspondence: Paul S. Mead, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop A38, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; fax: 404-639-2205; e-mail: [email protected]. More than 200 known diseases are transmitted through food (1). The causes of foodborne illness include viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals, and prions, and the...

Detection of pathogens in the food chain is limited mainly to bacteria, and the globalization of the food industry enables international viral foodborne outbreaks to occur. Outbreaks from 2002 through 2006 recorded in a European norovirus surveillance database were investigated for virologic and epidemiologic indicators of food relatedness. The resulting validated multivariate logistic regressi...

Foodborne transmission of pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms has been a recognized hazard for decades. Even half a century ago we knew about the dangers of botulism from underprocessed canned foods; staphylococcal poisoning from unrefrigerated cream-filled pastries, sliced ham, meat, and poultry salads; and salmonellosis from infected animal products. Despite new protective measures, chang...

Functionalization of polysaccharide-based packaging incorporating inorganic nanoparticles for food preservation is an active research area. This review summarizes the use materials functionalized with (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Zr, MgO, halloysite, and montmorillonite) to develop hybrid fruit, vegetables, meat (lamb, minced, pork, poultry), mushrooms, cheese, eggs, Ginkgo biloba seeds ...

Background: Microbial biofilms are responsible for many human infections and increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, finding an efficient way to prevent infection and biofilm formation of bacteria is essential. Medicinal plants are among suitable candidates to inhibit biofilm formation of bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of...

the Amterican Journal of Surgery (102, 354:1961). To my mind, the Mayo Clinic experience with 1,181 cases, with the competent observers serving as authors, has done no less than provide a very workable and practical guide to cancer types and to the methods of treatment for the various types (by histological classification as well as clinical staging). It is fortunate that this paper follows a p...

Abstract Microbiological safety of fish is a concern consumers, industries and regulatory agencies worldwide. Among the pathogenic microorganisms, Salmonella spp. one main agents foodborne diseases should be absent in animal products. Rapid accurate identification pathogens supply chain important for both quality assurance tracking infectious within chain. In this context, study aimed to evalua...

abstract       background and objective: probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the health of digestive system. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial ability of acidic and neutral supernatants (culture supernatant) of lactic acid bacteria against common bacterial pathogens.        methods: four species of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus planta...

This study reviews the available evidence on unknown pathogenic agents transmitted in food and examines the methods that have been used to estimate that such agents cause 3,400 deaths per year in the United States. The estimate of deaths was derived from hospital discharge and death certificate data on deaths attributed to gastroenteritis of unknown cause. Fatal illnesses due to unknown foodbor...