Individuals around the globe engage in sustainable consumption in their everyday life, e.g., when it comes to individual transportation. Although tourism behavior contributes to global carbon emissions to a considerable extent, consumers’ awareness of sustainability in the tourism industry is still underresearched. Placing eco-labels next to tourist offers on websites might direct consumer’s pe...

We consider routing problems in dynamic networks where arc travel times are both random and time dependent. The problem of nding the best route to a xed destination is formulated in terms of shortest hyperpaths on a suitable time-expanded directed hypergraph. The latter problem can be solved in linear time, with respect to the size of the hypergraph, for several deenitions of hyperpath length. ...

In this paper we consider the Vehicle Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows and Stochastic Service Times (VRPHTWSST). We can describe the problem as follows. Consider a directed graph G = (V,A) where V = {0, 1, . . . , n} is the node set, and A = {(i, j) | i, j ∈ N} is the arc set. Node 0 represents a depot where a fleet of homogeneous vehicles is initially located and Vc = {1, . . . , n} is t...

objectives: goal-directed subsidies because of its nature can affect all aspects of iranian life. this scheme is not only an economic program but also affects other aspects of social life including: welfare and economic situation of society, labor market, income, expenditure and consumption pattern models of family and social problems such as poverty and inequality, drug abuse, family problem, ...