We measured metabolic heat production (Ḣm) of perching and foraging Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to determine if the heat produced during foraging activity, or exercise thermogenesis, could replace thermoregulatory heat production requirements. Ḣm and activity of chickadees in winter were measured at ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 211.5u to 15.5uC. Mean activity amplit...

This study focuses on understanding the temporal variability in hydrological and thermal conditions in a small mountain stream and its potential implication for two life stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) – stream resident juveniles and returning adult spawners. Stream discharge and temperature in the Girnock Burn, NE Scotland, were characterised over ten hydrological years (1994/1995–2003...

Previous findings showed that high levels of octopamine and serotonin in the antennal lobes of adult worker honey bees are associated with foraging behavior, and octopamine treatment induces precocious foraging. To better characterize the relationship between amines and foraging behavior in honey bees, we performed a detailed correlative analysis of amine levels in the antennal lobes as a funct...

For many marine species, locations of key foraging areas are not well defined. We used satellite telemetry and switching state-space modeling (SSM) to identify distinct foraging areas used by Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) tagged after nesting during 1998-2011 at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, USA (PAIS; N = 22), and Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico (RN; N = 9). Overall, tu...

Foraging behavior has been extensively studied in harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); however, there is little information about the determinants of foraging success. We developed a path analysis model to quantify the functional relationships among the components of foraging at the colony level (onset, duration, number of foragers) and foraging success. Variation in the onset of foraging ...

Foraging for resources is a fundamental behavior balancing systematic search and strategic disengagement. The foraging behavior of primates is especially complex and requires long-term memory, value comparison, strategic planning, and decision-making. Here we provide evidence from two different foraging tasks that neurons in primate posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) signal decision salience duri...

Arid climates have unpredictable precipitation patterns, and wildlife managers often provide supplemental water to help desert ungulates endure the hottest, driest periods. When surface water is unavailable, the only source of water for ungulates comes from the forage they consume, and they must make resourceful foraging decisions to meet their requirements. We compared two desert bighorn sheep...

We argue that the time is ripe to develop multilevel models that provide explanations at both the individual and social levels to extend research in human-computer interaction to the emerging area called socio-computer interaction. We provide three examples of such multilevel models. We first describe the SNIF-ACT model, which was developed to explain individuals’ information foraging behavior ...

Behavioral and/or developmental plasticity is crucial for resisting the impacts of environmental stressors. We investigated the plasticity of adult foraging behavior and chick development in an offshore foraging seabird, the black noddy (Anous minutus), during two breeding seasons. The first season had anomalously high sea-surface temperatures and 'low' prey availability, while the second was a...

Individual variation in disturbance vulnerability (i.e. the likelihood that negatively affects an individual's fitness) can affect how impacts animal populations, as even at low levels some individuals could be severely affected and die. arise due to different responses disturbance. We propose a new hypothesis when respond similarly disturbance, time-limited are more risk their condition deteri...