Talpanas lippa is described as a new genus and species of waterfowl from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, that is unlike any other known member of the order. It is characterized by a short, stout tarsometatarsus and a braincase that is shallow and wide relative to its length with very small orbits. In comparison with extant species, the optic foramen of Talpanas is remarkably small whereas the maxillo-...

Arcuate foramen is less known trait of the human atlas vertebra formed by a delicate bony spiculum, which arches backward from the posterior end of the superior articular process. Examination of 1044 human atlas vertebra revealed that the trait was present in 13.8% of the samples. The mean length of the arcuate foramen form was 7.16 mm on the left side and 9.99 mm on the right side in bilateral...

Chiari Type I malformation (CM-I) is a rare disorder with displaced cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum. Here we present a 30-year-old man with severe central and obstructive sleep apneas as presenting manifestations of CM-I. The patient underwent neurosurgery and the follow-up polysomnography revealed the resolution of central apnea while obstructive apnea remained unchanged. Central sle...

When patients with syringomyelia fail to improve after operation, factors such as incomplete cyst decompression or type of operation are often implicated. MRI has been used to confirm adequate syrinx decompression post-operatively and to compare the degree of collapse with the type of operation. Foramen magnum decompression was at least as effective in reducing cyst size as syringo-subarachnoid...

Persistent proatlantal artery type 1 is one of the four anastomotic vessels between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial systems. Persistence of this embryonic anastomosis is extremely rare. We present such a case with bilateral persistent proatlantal arteries that arose from internal carotid arteries, entered the skull via the foramen magnum and united with the horizontal portions of verte...

The transoral approach to clivus and upper cervical region is a direct route for treating pathology ventral to the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord with low morbidity and mortality rates. This approach may be used for congenital atlanto-axial dislocation, fracture dislocation, vertebrobasilar aneurysms, basilar invagination, compressive rheumatoid pannus and tumours of the craniovertebr...

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the morphological changes in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) Chiari Malformation Type-1 (CMI) patients by performing morphometric measurements fossa cranii posterior (FCP) and cranium.
 Materials Methods: Our retrospective included a control group 32 (16 females, 16 males) 12 (6 males, 6 females) with CMI between ages 21 47 years. Measurements ...