One remarkably striking observation about language, seemingly trivial but actually quite important, is that languages change through time. It is at least conceivable that language could remain unchanged over time, as is the case with some other human institutions, e.g. various tabus or the rules to come games, and with some aspects of human communication systems, e.g. Morse Code or the value of...

This article presents an overview of the goals and methods of semantic typology, the study of the distribution of semantic categories across languages. Results from this field inform theoretical accounts of syntax-semantics interface phenomena, as well as the nature of the relationship between language and cognition. This article discusses a variety of quantitative methods that represent recent...

Incidents related to hacking and network intrusion are on the increase. Most organizations safeguard themselves against cyber attacks by employing security methods such as encryption technologies, network monitoring tools, deploying firewalls and intrusion detection and response mechanisms. Even though prevention mechanisms are in place the vulnerabilities associated with any computer network o...

Critical applied linguistics is a field of inquiry and practice that can be understood in several ways. It brings critical focus—where the as social critique rather than thinking—to linguistic work. A central goal to connect questions domination (contingent contextual effects power), disparity (inequitable access material cultural goods), discrimination (ideological discursive frames exclusion)...

The use of non-human DNA typing in forensic science investigations, and specifically that from animal DNA, is ever increasing. The term animal DNA in this document refers to animal species encountered in a forensic science examination but does not include human DNA. Non-human DNA may either be: the trade and possession of a species, or products derived from a species, which is contrary to legis...