We describe a framework for defining pilot and feasibility studies focusing on studies conducted in preparation for a randomised controlled trial. To develop the framework, we undertook a Delphi survey; ran an open meeting at a trial methodology conference; conducted a review of definitions outside the health research context; consulted experts at an international consensus meeting; and reviewe...

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abstract introduction: critical thinking skills as thinking and judging self-regulation are purposeful and result in solving problems and making appropriate decisions. therefore, the importance of this subject and its role in the nursing profession and the clinical decision, this study was done to compare critical thinking skills of nursing students in continuous licentiate and bachelor- licent...

Biofuel generation from local biomass resources can significantly contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation and cleaner energy production. In this regard, a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach was employed prioritize appropriate for biofuel Technique Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), Weighted Aggregates Sum Product (WASPAS)...

To respond to the market needs of the increase of machine speed and improvement of the paper quality, paper machine supplier is demanded that it is going to develop the device that input with new technology and improve the machine performance. We decide the concept of the machine, after we conducted various element tests in the research division with part by part and confirm the concept on the ...