The turtle spinal cord can help reveal how vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) circuits select and generate an appropriate limb movement in each circumstance. Both multifunctional and specialized spinal interneurons contribute to the motor patterns for the three forms of scratching, forward swimming, and flexion reflex. Multifunctional interneurons, activated during all of these motor patte...

In this study, conditions that enable a prosthetic knee flexion strategy in transfemoral amputee subjects during obstacle avoidance were investigated. This study explored the hip torque principle and the static ground principle as object avoidance strategies. A prosthetic limb simulator device was used to study the influence of applied hip torques and static ground friction on the prosthetic fo...

OBJECTIVE To compare the kinematics of lower limb joints between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during cross-turn and -cutting movements. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Motion analysis laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twelve subjects with CAI and twelve healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation, knee flexion, and a...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the intramuscular balance ratios of the upper trapezius muscle (UT) and the lower trapezius muscle (LT), and the intermuscular balance ratios of the UT and the serratus anterior muscle (SA) among prone extension (ProExt), prone horizontal abduction with external rotation (ProHAbd), forward flexion in the side-lying position (SideFlex), side-lyi...

Tight hamstring syndrome (THS) is a symptom complex which has a varied pathogenesis. The syndrome usually occurs in childhood and adolescent period. It is characterized by tightness of lumbar, ischial and crural muscles. Case Report 1: 17 year old male was complaining of low back and right leg pain which spread to the back right leg for last two month. He walking with limited forward flexion an...

Rising to a standing position from a sitting position is one of the most important activities of daily life. We present a total-body analysis of rising from a chair as performed by nine healthy individuals under controlled conditions. We describe four phases of this activity. Phase I is a flexion-momentum phase used to generate the initial momentum for rising. Phase II begins as the individual ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of table and seat slope on the biomechanical stress sustained by the musculo-skeletal system. Angular position of the head and trunk, and surface electromyography of eleven postural muscles were recorded while seated under different conditions of seat slope (0°, 15° forward) and table slope (0°, 20° backward). The specific stress sustained by C...

Objectives: Accurate assessment of shoulder range motion (ROM) is important for both initial evaluation and evaluating rehabilitation progress. Recently, digital platforms have been developed which assess ROM with the use a front-facing camera available on smartphones. Such tools allow to be objectively assessed monitored remotely but require validation. The purpose this study was, therefore, c...

Understanding of biomechanics is important in sports performance enhancement since each skill has a fundamental mechanical structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performance level on lower limb kinematics in table tennis forehand loop. 13 male superior players (SPs) and 13 intermediate players (IPs) participated in this test. A VICON motion analysis system was use...