In Drosophila, much has been learned about the specification of neuronal cell fates but little is known about the lineage of mesodermal cells with different developmental fates. Initially in development, individual mesodermal precursor cells are singled out to become the founder cells for specific muscles. The selection of muscle founder cells is thought to employ a Notch-mediated process of la...

BACKGROUND Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive, genetically heterogeneous disorder, characterised by interstrand crosslink-induced chromosome breaks, congenital abnormalities and predisposition to malignancies. It has a prevalence of about 1/40 000 in black South Africans (SAs). A founder mutation in the FANCG gene occurs in the homozygous state in 77.5% of southern African blacks. ...

In this study, we compared the average coancestry and inbreeding levels for two genetic conservation schemes in which frozen semen from a gene bank is used to reduce the inbreeding in a live population. For a simple scheme in which only semen of generation-0 (G0) sires is used, the level of inbreeding asymptotes to 1/(2N), where N is the number of newborn sires in the base generation and rate o...

M utations in RAPSN, a gene encoding rapsyn, a molecule that clusters acetylcholine receptors at the motor endplate, cause endplate acetylcholine receptor deficiency. Müller and colleagues recently reported that N88K is a frequent mutation in RAPSN. By genotyping 17 mutant K88 chromosomes for two RAPSN polymorphisms (IVS3-11delC and 456T/C) and a microsatellite marker D11S4117 (fig 1A) in 12 pa...

M utations in RAPSN, a gene encoding rapsyn, a molecule that clusters acetylcholine receptors at the motor endplate, cause endplate acetylcholine receptor deficiency. Müller and colleagues recently reported that N88K is a frequent mutation in RAPSN. By genotyping 17 mutant K88 chromosomes for two RAPSN polymorphisms (IVS3-11delC and 456T/C) and a microsatellite marker D11S4117 (fig 1A) in 12 pa...

It is often assumed that Afrikaners stem from a small number of Dutch immigrants. As a result they should be genetically homogeneous, show founder effects and be rather inbred. By disentangling my own South African pedigree, that is on average 12 generations deep, I try to quantify the genetic heritage of an Afrikaner. As much as 6% of my genes have been contributed by slaves from Africa, Madag...

Founder mutations are an important cause of Lynch syndrome and facilitate genetic testing in specific ethnic populations. Two putative founder mutations in MSH6 were analyzed in 2685 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, 337 endometrial cancer (EnCa) cases and 3310 healthy controls of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) descent from population-based and hospital-based case–control studies in Israel, Canada and the ...

T he prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in families with breast and ovarian cancers depends on the type of cancer found, the number of cases, and the ethnic background of the family. The proportion of breast cancers attributable to BRCA1 or BRCA2 may also depend on the ethnic origin of families. Several mutations have been identified that are found only in specific countries or ethnic grou...

Nai-Talim, eco-friendly technology, Energy Service Groups Abstract: - The objective of the paper is to elucidate role sustainable and technologies thinking for future development Indians hyperbole not necessary. it just integrate& conscious living in knowledge that all Brahman. From Vedic seers Buddha Swami Vivekanand through educational pioneers like Sharddhananda Gurukul kangri, Shri Aurb...

The visceral muscles of the Drosophila midgut consist of syncytia and arise by fusion of founder and fusion-competent myoblasts, as described for the somatic muscles. A single-step fusion results in the formation of binucleate circular midgut muscles, whereas a multiple-step fusion process produces the longitudinal muscles. A prerequisite for muscle fusion is the establishment of myoblast diver...