Fracture orientation is a prominent factor in determining the reservoir fluid flow direction in a formation because fractures are the major paths through which fluid flow occurs. Hence, a true modeling of orientation leads to a reliable prediction of fluid flow. Traditionally, various distributions are used for orientation modeling in fracture networks. Although they offer a fairly suitable est...

Abstract A simple method is proposed to model the open cracked beam structures. In this method, crack is modeled as a beam element. Hence cracked beam can be assumed to be a beam with stepped cross sections, and problem of determining natural frequency and mode shape of cracked beam, can be solved as determining these characteristics for a beam with different length and cross section. With this...

Question: Do the biomechanical properties of the diet influence the tooth shape of insectivores? We examined dietary ‘intractability’, the extent to which structural strength, toughness and stiffness of a food are increased, roughly equivalent to ‘hardness’. Hypotheses: The following three factors may cause discrepancies in tooth form in animals with different diets: (1) optional functional for...

The use of a stress-strain constitutive relation for the undamaged material and a traction-separation cohesive crack model with softening for cracking has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to predict and explain the size-scale effects on the mechanical response of quasi-brittle materials. In metals, where ductile fracture takes place, the situation is more complex due to the interpl...

Relations between fracture toughness and microstructural details have been calculated for ductile materials based on a dilatational plasticity constitutive model that has recently been proposed. The model generalizes the Gurson model to account for both void growth and coalescence with explicit dependence on void shape and distribution effects. Based on a small scale yielding formulation of cra...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture is a known complication of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). We determined the incidence of--and risk factors for--intraoperative calcar fracture, and assessed its influence on the risk of revision. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis included 3,207 cementless THAs (in 2,913 patients). 118 intraoperative...

Based on the engineering background of water dissolving mining for hydrocarbon storage in multi-laminated salt stratum, the mixed mode fracture toughness and fracture trajectory of gypsum interlayers soaked in half-saturated brine at various temperatures (20°C, 50°C and 80°C) were studied by using CSNBD (centrally straight-notched Brazilian disc) specimens with required inclination angles (0°, ...

Background & Aims: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease .In the recent decades due to the increase of population age, the prevalence of osteoporosis has been increased. The most important complication of osteoporosis is bone fracture, especially in the hip. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis, its mortality rate and direct treatment costs in...

Introduction: Open fractures of the leg are a reconstructive challenge. Early restoration of the soft tissue envelope has dramatically improved the outcome of these fractures with regard to deep infection and function. However the ideal tissue for covering open fractures remains controversial. Muscle is said to be superior but the mechanism is unclear. A higher blood flow was thought to be the ...

Bones are the principal structural components of a skeleton; they play unique roles in the body providing its shape maintenance, protection of internal organs and transmission of forces. Ultimately, their structural integrity is vital for the quality of life. Unfortunately, bones can only sustain loads until a certain limit, beyond which they fail. Understanding a fracture behaviour of bone is ...