We show that due to free riding of potential voters facing positive voting costs, the proposal with the highest number of supporters can still be the most likely to lose a binary election.

This paper explains the history, the idea as well as usages and problems of traditional IP multicast. Furthermore, in this paper I discuss the very recent idea of IP multicast, FRM (Free Riding Multicast), which has been suggested in 2006.

Open Source software licenses permit the free sharing and improvement of Open Source software source code for which the community of Open Source software has flourished. However, these communities suffer from a lack of contribution and a profusion of “Free-Riding”. Different innovation models and game theoretic principles can thus, be applied to view this phenomenon more logically and even be s...

Basic evidences on non-profit making and other forms of benevolent-based organizations reveal a rough partition of members between some pure consumers of the public good (free-riders) and benevolent individuals (cooperators). We study the relationship between the community size and the level of cooperation in a simple model where the utility of joining the community is proportional to its size....

We study a model where agents, located in a social network, decide whether to exert e¤ort or not in experimenting with a new technology (or acquiring a new skill, innovating, etc.). We assume that agents have strong incentives to free ride on their neighbors’e¤ort decisions. In the static version of the model e¤orts are chosen simultaneously. In equilibrium, agents exerting e¤ort are never conn...

The potential broad market of green consumption has encouraged an increasing number enterprises to carry out technology innovation activities. This paper examines a two-stage supply chain e-commerce sales channels under different cooperative models. We find that consumers’ preferences are the main factor affects product demand. manufacturer and retailer can raise levels extend promotional servi...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effect of horseback riding on body mass index (BMI) and gait in obese women. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four obese women residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were randomly divided into a horseback riding group and a walking group and conducted their respective exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks. [Results] Step length increased significantly a...

Most of the existing research in peer-to-peer systems focuses on protocol design and doesn’t consider the rationality of each peer. One phenomenon that should not be ignored is free riding. Some peers simply consume system resources but contribute nothing to the system. In this paper we present an agentbased peer-to-peer system, in which each peer is a software agent and the agents cooperate to...

Teamwork forms the basis for innumerable approaches to workplace reorganization and its popularity appears to continue unabated. This is despite the predictions of institutional economics and social psychology that teamwork is an intrinsically inefficient form of organization. This paper examines the objections to teamwork raised by these two disciplines, focusing on the problems of “free ridin...