Leakage of underwater crude oil pipes causes severe pollution to soil and water, and results in great economic loss. To predict the diffusion area of spilled oil before it reaches the water's surface and to reduce the time required for emergency response, numerical simulations were conducted on underwater spilled oil diffusion of bare crude oil pipes using FLUENT software. The influences of wat...

A hydraulic jump is the sudden transition from a high-velocity impinging flow into a turbulent roller in an open channel. Substantial amounts of air are entrapped at the impingement point, and significant free-surface fluctuations take place above the roller. In the present study, some physical modelling was conducted in a relatively large sized facility. The flow conditions included a wide ran...

Background: The theory of microstretch elastic bodies was first developed by Eringen (1971, 1990, 1999, 2004). This theory was developed by extending the theory of micropolar elastcity. Each material point in this theory has three deformable directors. Methods: The governing equations of a transversely isotropic microstretch material are specialized in x-z plane. Plane wave solutions of these g...

We have developed a fully nonlocal model to describe the dynamic behavior of nematic liquid-crystal elastomers. The free energy, incorporating both elastic and nematic contributions, is a function of the material displacement vector and the orientational order parameter tensor. The free energy cost of spatial variations of these order parameters is taken into account through nonlocal interactio...

In many biological and small scale technological applications particles may transiently bind to a cylindrical surface. In between two binding events the particles diffuse in the bulk, thus producing an effective translation on the cylindrical surface. We here derive the effective motion on the surface allowing for additional diffusion on the cylindrical surface itself. We find explicit solution...

We consider a continuum model describing the dynamic behavior of nematic liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and implement a numerical scheme to solve the governing equations. In the model, the Helmholtz free energy and Rayleigh dissipation are used, within a Lagrangian framework, to obtain the equations of motion. The free energy consists of both elastic and liquid crystalline contributions, each...

We present a new method for estimating the vibrational free energy of crystal (and molecular) structures employing only a single force calculation, for a particularly displaced configuration, in addition to the calculation of the ground state configuration. This displacement vector is the sum of the phonon eigenvectors obtained from a fast-relative to, e.g., density-functional theory (DFT)-Hess...

Displacement maps and procedural displacement shaders are a widely used approach of specifying geometric detail and increasing the visual complexity of a scene. While it is relatively straightforward to handle displacement shaders in pipeline based rendering systems such as the Reyes-architecture, it is much harder to efficiently integrate displacement-mapped surfaces in ray-tracers. Many comme...

An approach is presented for modeling the thermal expansion boundary layer in energetic materials such as solid propellants and explosives during their combustion. A thermodynamically consistent system of conservation laws is presented that describes the thermo-elastic solid with a temperature dependent thermal expansion coefficient in order to study the role of thermal expansion in heat transf...