Spin labeling studies using mitochondrial membranes of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) showed that the decrease during winter in the temperatures of the upper and lower lipid transitions correlated with the development of freezing hardiness of the tubers. The killing temperature for tuber tissue reached a minimum of -12 C, about 5 C degrees lower than the lower transition. Freeze-...

Severe edema in the endoneurium can occur after non-freezing cold injury to the peripheral nerve, which suggests damage to the blood-nerve barrier. To determine the effects of cold injury on the blood-nerve barrier, the sciatic nerve on one side of Wistar rats was treated with low temperatures (3-5°C) for 2 hours. The contralateral sciatic nerve was used as a control. We assessed changes in the...

Cooling to -70 C killed a higher percentage of Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri cells than cooling to -20 C. However, to preserve cell viability for prolonged periods storage at -70 C was much more preferable. The percentage of cells surviving freezing could be increased by increasing the initial cell concentration or by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol as...

PURPOSE Although cryotherapy has long been used to eradicate corneal lesions, there have been no reports of adverse effects of cryotherapy on human corneas. We performed this study to evaluate and characterize ultrastructural damage to the human cornea following the transcorneal freezing-and-thawing procedure. METHODS Seven human donor corneas were randomly divided into three groups. 1, 2, an...

Human spermatozoa have unusual cryobiological behaviour and improvements in their survival have not been achieved by the standard approaches of cryobiology. Conventional approaches to cryopreservation impose a linear change of temperature with time; however, the stresses that cells encounter during cryopreservation are all non-linear with time. In this paper it is shown that improved methods of...

Understanding the processes of postmortem change in biologic systems is important to the forensic sciences. Previous experimental studies of postmortem change in animals under field conditions made use of animal carcasses that had been incidentally exposed to the effects of freezing and thawing or mechanical damage, or both, and were limited to gross observations. The current study was designed...

today many countries have water shortage problems, so most of them compel to resort to desalination processes. this paper describes the effect of indirect contact freezing by external cooling for desalination of seawater and brackish water. although various types of processes are introduced for desalination and such processes as reverse osmosis (ro) and multi-effect distillation (med) are used ...