Among the rich economies of the world today, per capita output levels had diverged before converging to the per capita output level of the frontier economy. Since frontier economies have grown at stable rates, non-frontier economies display an S-shape aggregate transition path. Along this transition, there are “catapult e¤ects”: longer episodes of divergence are associated with faster subsequen...

Frontier-based exploration method are known to be efficient for multi-robot exploration systems. In this paper, we propose a novel, computationally inexpensive, frontier allocation method favoring a well balanced spatial distribution of robots in the environment. It is based on the computation of a position criteria. The position of a robot towards a frontier is defined by the number of robots ...

Area exploration in robotics is done by number of methods some of which select next target based on shortest distance, other uses utility function and the most frequently used method is through frontier based area exploration which is boundary between explored and unexplored cells. In view of Multi robot, extra care should be taken as it may possible that two robot may collide or explore alread...

Frontier-based exploration is the most common approach to exploration, a fundamental problem in robotics. In frontier-based exploration, robots explore by repeatedly computing (and moving towards) frontiers, the segments which separate the known regions from those unknown. However, most frontier detection algorithms process the entire map data. This can be a time consuming process which slows d...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA), originally developed to study production efficiency ofmicro-level organizations, has recently been used to adopt a production-frontier approach to the analysis of international macroeconomic growth and convergence patterns. DEA methods, however, are known to provide biased estimates of the production frontier and efficiency. We employ recent results from the sta...