Satellite-aerial-ground integrated network (SAGIN) has been widely envisioned as a promising architecture for 6 G. In the SAGINs, high altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite systems using hybrid free-space optics (FSO)/radio-frequency (RF) communications have recently attracted research efforts worldwide. Nevertheless, main drawback of FSO/RF is restricted bandwidth RF connecti...

In this paper, we enhance the performance efficiency of free-space optical (FSO) communication link using hybrid on-off keying (OOK) modulation, M-ary digital pulse position modulation (M-ary DPPM), and M-pulse amplitude (M-PAPM). This work analyzes enhances bit error rate (BER) moment generating function, modified Chernoff bound, Gaussian approximation techniques. existence both an amplified s...

Free Space Optics (FSO) is a telecommunications technology that transmits data in the form of optical signals across the air and, as such, can be considered as a wireless (line-of-sight) transmission system; this technology is capable of handling data rates at the Gbps level, does not require licensing, and can be deployed at one-fifth of the cost of fiber; also, the narrow beams employed in th...

This paper presents a low-power VLSI neural processor that has been developed for highspeed vision processing based upon the frequency-sensitive self-organization (FSO) neural algorithm. Performance of this self-organization neural algorithm is proved to be efficient for adaptive vector quantization and can achieve near-optimal results. A system-on-chip design of the whole FSO neural system is ...

In this paper we introduce simulation of optical multi-element antennas that enable mobility and high bandwidth in Free Space Optical (FSO) networks. The challenge of FSO is to build systems that can tackle line of sight (LOS) alignment and maintenance issues. By addressing these critical aspects of LOS alignment in such networks, we demonstrate the potential for mobility by simulation. We can ...

In this paper, we present the measurements performed on a free space optics (FSO) communications link using an indoor atmospheric chamber. In particular, we have generated several different optical turbulence conditions, demonstrating how even the weak turbulence regime can strongly affect the FSO link performance. We have carried out an in-depth analysis of the data collected during the measur...

An in-flight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) free-space optical (FSO) communication channel model is proposed by considering the beam deviation of UAV under different motion states and phase distortion caused atmospheric turbulences. The influence turbulences on quality evaluated through screen Monte Carlo methods. When average bit error rate (BER) 10−5, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) should be incr...

Wireless mesh network addresses the last mile issue. This technology utilizes radio frequency (RF). The practical limitations and challenges of RF based communication networks have become increasingly apparent over the past decade, leading researchers to seek new hybrid communication approaches. One promising strategy that has been the subject of considerable interest is the augmentation of RF ...