Fuel cells have been recognized as a feasible alternative to current IC engines. A significant technical problem yet to be resolved is the on bound fuel supply before fuel cells can be practically used for vehicles. Use of an on-board fuel reformer can mitigate the fuel supply issue. In particular, using a diesel engine as on-board fuel reformer, combined with a fuel cell, is a strong candidate...

Operations on the airport surface include those at the gates, the ramp areas adjoining the gates, the taxiways, and the runway system. Each component could be subject to queuing delays and is also influenced by downstream factors such as the terminal airspace. On the basis of observations by Idris (4), four regions were identified on the surface where queues primarily form during the departure ...

A kerosene fuelled aircraft was modelled within a performance tool and fuel burn the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) water vapour at different stages flight throughout mission were estimated. Adaptions made to engine parameters accommodate liquid hydrogen over same given mission. Once an iterative design process had been completed ensure could perform mission, again used calculate total burn...

The Takeoff Weight (TOW) of an aircraft is an important aspect of aircraft performance, and impacts a large number of characteristics, ranging from the trajectory to the fuel burn of the flight. Due to its dependence on factors such as the passenger and cargo load factors as well as operating strategies, the TOW of a particular flight is generally not available to entities outside of the operat...

The first step in investigation of thorium fuel is evaluation of the results obtained from the spectral code for this type of fuel. The benchmark summarized by IAEA in 2003 was used for partial validation of the code HELIOS 1.9. The benchmark was focused on a comparison of the methods and basic nuclear data. Acceptable results of benchmark comparison allowed examining and comparing different ad...

Many exotic annual grasses are believed to increase wildfire frequency to the detriment of native vegetation by increasing fine fuels and thus, creating a grass-fire cycle. However, information on differences in fuel characteristics between invaded and non-invaded plant communities is lacking, or is basedmainly on speculation and anecdotal evidence. We compared fuel biomass, cover, continuity a...

Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction (FCCI) in metallic nuclear fuels is a key phenomenon that limits the maximum burn-up and operating power as it can cause premature failure of fuel cladding. Therefore, being able to accurately predict interactions fuel-cladding system by means thermodynamic calculations contributes our understanding how mitigate this mechanism. In order test capabilities Therm...

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) is a viable option for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management and a renewable energy source. MSW is a chronic problem in Saudi Arabia and more specifically in Saudi Urban areas. The MSW practices in KSA are simply done by collecting the waste and dumping it in open landfill sites. KSA is considering WTE as a potential renewable energy source that can contribute to electric...

Exposing uranium-molybdenum alloys (UMo) retained in the γ phase to elevated temperatures leads to transformation reactions during which the γ-UMo phase decomposes into the thermal equilibrium phases, i.e. U2Mo and α-U. Since α-U is not suitable for a nuclear fuel exposed to high burn-up, it is necessary to retain the γ-UMo phase during the production process of the fuel elements for modern hig...

The continuous-descent approach is among the key concepts of the Next Generation Air Transportation System. Although a considerable number of researchers have been devoted to the estimation of potential fuel savings of the continuous-descent approach, fewhave attempted to explain the fuel savings observed in field tests from an analytical point of view. This paper focuses on the evaluation of t...