BACKGROUND Due to an increasing demand of transportation fuels, a lower availability of cheap crude oil and a lack of sustainability of fossil fuels, a gradual shift from petroleum based fuels towards alternative and renewable fuel resources will be required in the near future. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have properties similar to current crude diesel and could therefore form an important ...

The small radiant heaters that burn hydrocarbon fuels propane, butane, methane/natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon fuels are used widely because of their simple design, their portability, and the ready availability of fuels. The open flame heater presents obvious disadvantages as follows. An upset heater is a grave fire risk where the surroundings are flammable and this restricts usage in, for e...

news & views the eventual transition to homogenous 3ʹ,5ʹ-linked genetic material. T echnologies for generating electricity from renewable resources, such as sunlight and wind, are on a steady trajectory of falling cost. Within the next decade, solar electric power is expected to reach grid parity, the point at which its cost will be equivalent (on a per-watt basis) to that of power generated fr...

regarding to the escalating trend of environmental pollutions, especially air pollution in great city of tehran, the perspective and study of the conditions for supply and consumption trends of fuels, with specific to fossil fuels, can lead to formation of significant figures and data. on the other hand, recognition, and if possible, reformation of environmental management schemes in the supply...

nanocrystalline complex oxides have been synthesized by combination of sol–gel auto combustion and ultrasonic irradiation techniques using copper nitrate, zinc nitrate as metallic nitrates and glycine, urea and thiourea as fuels. sol-gel combustion (combination of the chemical sol–gel process and the combustion process) as a proper synthesized technique is used to synthesize zno/cuo nanocomposi...