Many species use bilateral sampling for odor-guided navigation. Bilateral localization strategies typically involve balanced and lateralized sensory input and early neuronal processing. For example, if gradient direction is estimated by differential sampling, then any asymmetry could bias the perceived direction. Subsequent neuronal processing can compensate for this asymmetry but requires the ...

Neuropsychological data collected from two groups of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 50, 159) were analysed to investigate the association between presenting motor symptoms determined from retrospective chart review and the risk of cognitive impairment. Presenting motor symptoms were abstracted from the medical records and coded by type, location, and laterality. Longitudinal ...

Low levels of heterozygosity can have detrimental effects on life history and growth characteristics of organisms but more subtle effects such as those on trade-offs of expensive tissues and morphological laterality, especially of the brain, have not been explicitly tested. The objective of the current study was to investigate how estimated differences in heterozygosity may potentially affect b...

BACKGROUND Functional movement tests that are predictive of injury risk in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes are useful tools for sports medicine professionals. The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) measures single-leg balance and reach distances in 3 directions. PURPOSE To assess whether the YBT-LQ predicts the laterality and risk of sports-related lower extremity ...

Many anatomical and functional features of nervous systems are asymmetric about the left-right axis. These asymmetries can exhibit either random or invariant laterality at the population level. Recent studies in fish and worms provide insight into the developmental mechanisms used to create both types of asymmetry. These studies reveal diverse and molecularly complex strategies for developing a...

BACKGROUND Structural and functional abnormalities have been found in language-related brain regions in patients with schizophrenia. We previously reported findings pointing to differences in word processing between people with schizophrenia and individuals who are at high-risk for schizophrenia using a voxel-based (whole brain) fMRI approach. We now extend this finding to specifically examine ...

Brain laterality in schizophrenia has been examined through the application of functional neuroimaging methods. These methods have included the 133Xenon technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF); positron emission tomography for assessing rates of glucose metabolism, CBF, and neuroreceptor functioning; single photon emission computerized tomography for studying CBF and neuroreceptors; a...

Hand preference in infancy is marked by many developmental shifts in hand use and arm coupling as infants reach for and manipulate objects. Research has linked these early shifts in hand use to the emergence of fundamental postural-locomotor milestones. Specifically, it was found that bimanual reaching declines when infants learn to sit; increases if infants begin to scoot in a sitting posture;...