The review process of academic, scientific research and its basic tenets is considered, thereby distinguishing between (i) reviewing of manuscripts to be published in the scientific literature, (ii) reviewing of research proposals to be financed by funding agencies, (iii) reviewing of educational or research institutions with respect to their proper functioning, and (iv) reviewing of scientists...

The European e-infrastructure is the ICT support for research although the infrastructure will be extended for commercial/business use. It supports the research process across funding agencies to research institutions to innovation. It supports experimental facilities, modelling and simulation, communication between researchers, and workflow of research processes and research management. We pro...

Project Manager: Are Hjørungnes Project Name: Signal Processing Collaboration between UniK and University of Manitoba, Canada Project Participants: Are Hjørungnes, Pradeepa Yahampath, Miroslaw Pawlak Project Type: Prosjektetableringsstøtte BILAT Institution: UniK University Graduate Center (www.unik.no), Norway Cooperating Institutions: University of Manitoba (www.umanitoba.ca), Canada Project ...

This is an Open Access journal. This means that it uses a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. Readers may freely read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles. This journal is covered under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

Article Processing Charges (APCs) have recently been studied as a means towards a sustainable Open Access (OA) environment for scholarly communications. However, APCs at any level represent a substantial economic barrier to the authors, institutions, funding agencies and governments that many of its advocates most wish to serve through OA initiatives.

Pedro Olinto and seminar participants at the World Bank, the University of Wisconsin and the 1998 American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings for their comments. Any remaining errors and all views expressed in this paper remain the responsibility of the authors and should not be attributed to employing or funding institutions.

UNLABELLED Conflicts of interest (COIs) in research have received increasing attention, but many questions arise about how Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) view and approach these. METHODS I conducted in-depth interviews of 2 hours each with 46 US IRB chairs, administrators, and members, exploring COI and other issues related to research integrity. I contacted leaders of 60 IRBs (every four...

This study in 2005 aimed to investigate the services available for abused and neglected children in the occupied Palestinian territory. Telephone interviews were conducted with 62 institutions from the government, non-profit and private sectors that dealt with child abuse and neglect, of which 58 provided services. Services offered were mainly in psychosocial health. Usually abused children wer...

funding decision is one of the financial strategic decisions of a corporation. there are also two other finan-cial strategic decisions that a corporation faces, the investment and the dividend decision. this paper de-scribes briefly the investment and the dividend decision, although its main focus is on funding decision. in de-scribing the funding decision the researchers will first explain the...

The future of higher education is bound up with questions of costs and benefits. This paper will take an economic perspective on student retention in higher education and will argue that, as students have to contribute more financially to their education, and participation in higher education is broadened to a larger proportion of the age cohort, then student attitudes will be increasingly driv...