Rule based fuzzy approximate reasoning uses various techniques of modified modus ponens. The observation is in most cases not identical with any of the antecedents in the rules. However, a conclusion still can be computed by using some combination of all consequents where an overlapping of observation and antecedent is present. If the rule base is sparse, i.e., it contains insufficient informat...

Many realistic decision aid problems are fraught with facets of ambiguity, uncertainty and conflict, which hamper the effectiveness of conventional and fuzzy preference modeling approaches, and command the use of more expressive representations. In the past, some authors have already identified Ginsberg’s/Fitting’s theory of bilattices as a naturally attractive candidate framework for represent...

Monotonic relationship between input and output often is an inherent property of fuzzy systems. For example, for a cart-pole system, there is a gradual relationship between the pole angle and the cart velocity of the form: “The more the pole deviates from the upright position, the higher velocity the cart must gain”. Thus, we propose an approach, that we call Gradual GMP, which is able to integ...

We synthesize Au@Ag core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) using a Au NP assisted Tollens reaction. The as-synthesized NPs are used for the colorimetric cyanide sensing with a detection limit of 0.4 μM. The bimetallic NPs are immobilized into agarose gels as portable "test strips".

One of the goals of a variety of approximate reasoning models is to cope with inference patterns more flexible than those of classical reasoning. Among them, similarity-based reasoning aims at modeling notions of resemblance or proximity among propositions and consequence relations which make sense in such a setting. One way of proceeding is to. equip the set of interpretations or possible worl...

If we know that an implication A ! B is to some extent true, and if we know that a statement A is true \to some extent", i.e., if we know that the statement m(A) is true, for some logical modiier m (\approximately", \slightly", etc.), then we can conclude that B is also true to some extent, i.e., that m 0 (B) is true for some logical modiier m 0. Thus, every fuzzy implication deenes a mapping f...

Two advances in the development of a one-pot method to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Tollens' reagent are described. First, a template-directed process of AgNP synthesis using resorcinol triazole ligands bearing two pendent galactose sugars is shown. Second, the conversion of these AgNPs into SERS nanotags is demonstrated using malachite green isothiocyanate as the Raman report...