Open-set recognition and adversarial defense study two key aspects of deep learning that are vital for real-world deployment. The objective open-set is to identify samples from classes during testing, while aims robustify the network against images perturbed by imperceptible noise. This paper demonstrates systems vulnerable samples. Furthermore, this shows mechanisms trained on known unable gen...

In this paper, we procure the notions of neutrosophic simply b-open set, cover, and b-compactness via topological spaces. Then, establish some remarks, propositions, theorems on simply
 b-compactness. Further, furnish counter examples where result fails.

Recently, the authors of current paper established in Chen et al. (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 59:1–38, 2020) existence a ground-state solution to following bi-harmonic equation with constant potential or Rabinowitz potential: 0.1 $$\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^{2}u+V(x)u=f(u)\ \text {in}\ \mathbb {R}^{4}, \end{aligned}$$ when nonlinearity has special form $$f(t)=t(\exp (t^2)-1)$$ and $$V(x)\ge c...

The SET payment protocol uses digital signatures to authenticate messages and authorize transactions. It is assumed that these digital signatures make authorizations non-repudiable, i.e., provable to a third-party veri er. This paper evaluates what can be proved with the digital signatures in SET. The analysis shows that even a successful and completed SET protocol run does not give the parties...