Gamma scanning is a nuclear inspection technique used to troubleshoot industrial equipments in refineries and petrochemicals plants around the world. In this technique, a sealed radiation source and detector move along an equipment, and the intensity readouts generate a density profile of the equipment. The simplicity of this technique has made it popular in many countries. In recent decades, m...

The paradigm of the neutralino dark matter predicts that the first gravitationally bound objects are earth-mass sized microhaloes, which would emit annihilation gamma-rays. Here we show that, though the flux from individual nearest microhaloes is extremely difficult to detect, meaningful constraints on their survival probability and internal density profile can be set by requiring that the gala...

During secondary immune responses to influenza virus, virus-specific T memory cells are a major source of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). We assessed the contribution of IFN-gamma to heterologous protection against the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus of wild-type and IFN-gamma-/- mice previously immunized with the A/HK/68 (H3N2) virus. The IFN-gamma-/- mice displayed significantly reduced survival rates su...

In order to understand the modifications of the chromatographic profile of Aroclor 1260 upon gamma irradiation, a total of 14 pure polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were separately irradiated in solution. Dechlorination was observed, and the generated products were investigated by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Degradation proceeds more rapidly in methanol/water mixture than i...

While commissioning Varian's Portal Dose Image Prediction (PDIP) algorithm for portal dosimetry, an asymmetric radial response in the portal imager due to backscatter from the support arm was observed. This asymmetric response led to differences on the order of 2%-3% for simple square fields (< 20 × 20 cm2) when comparing the measured to predicted portal fluences. A separate problem was that...

The biological equivalent dose profile of the pion beam was predicted with one parameter (gamma) using physical dose and pion star density. The value of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at each depth was given as a linear function of pion star density (PSD): RBE = 1.0 + gamma PSD, assuming (i) the mixed beam lesion additivity model and (ii) the linear relationship between the ratio o...