the effects of five different foods including: blood worm, artemia cyst, artemia mass powder, gammarus mass powder and ordinary commercial food were studied on siamese fighting fish (bettasplendens) propagation efficiency during thirty days in a randomize totally design with 4 repeats .experimental plots had been consisted of twenty 30*30*40 (cm) aquarium which a pair of male and female brood s...

Pharmaceuticals contribute greatly to human and animal health. Given their specific biological targets, pharmaceuticals pose a significant environmental risk by affecting organisms and ecosystem processes, including leaf-litter decomposition. Although litter decomposition is a central process in forest streams, the consequences of exposure to pharmaceuticals remain poorly known. The present stu...

— The spring condition hypothesis (SCH) states that the current decline of the North American scaup population (Lesser [ Aythya affinis ] and Greater Scaup [ A. marila ] combined) is due to a decline in quality or availability of scaup foods on wintering, spring migration, or breeding areas that has caused a reduction in female body condition and subsequent reproductive success. Our previous re...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are abundant in aquatic environment. However, only few studies have investigated their impacts on freshwater invertebrates. This work aimed to study the effects of BDE-47 and BDE-99 congeners on the chitobiase and chitinolytic enzymes activities of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, according to gender, PBDE concentration and time of exposure. In addi...

The freshwater amphipod Diporeia is a dominant macroinvertebrate speciesin Lake Superior’s benthic community and an important prey item for many fish. Acapacity to predict growth and production rates of Diporeia using a bioenergeticsmodel requires information on physiological processes of the species. The objectiveof this study is to quantify oxygen consumption of Lake Superior ...

The main objective of this study was to assess how mangrove reforestation has influenced litter degradation and concomitant nutrient dynamics in previously deforested plantations. Dynamics of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and C:N ratios) in decomposing leaves of conspecific species were investigated with litterbags in Sonneratia alba and Rhizophora mucronata reforested treatments using appropriat...

Several studies have documented ecological effects on intraspecific and interspecific body-size scaling of metabolic rate. However, little is known about how various ecological factors may affect the scaling of respiratory structures supporting oxygen uptake for metabolism. To our knowledge, our study is the first to provide evidence for ecological effects on the scaling of a respiratory struct...