Unconventional gas resources from tight-sand and shale gas reservoirs have received great attention in the past decade around the world because of their large reserves and technical advances in developing these resources. As a result of improved horizontaldrilling and hydraulic-fracturing technologies, progress is being made toward commercial gas production from such reservoirs, as demonstrated...

explosion has always been regarded as one of the most complicated engineering problems. as a result, many engineers have preferred rather simplified empirical approaches in comparison to extremely complex deterministic analyses. in this paper, however, a numerical simulation based on the combined finite/discrete element methodology is presented for analyzing the dynamic behavior of fracturing r...

The vaporization rates of enflurane were measured in 412 anaesthetics using appropriate fresh gas flow rates in Bain (12 litre min-1), Magill (6 litre min-1) and circle systems (3 litre min-1, 1 litre min-1 and "closed"). In all patients reducing the fresh gas flow rate resulted in lower enflurane consumption. The percent savings were 18-86% depending on the initial fresh gas flow rate and the ...

Static gravimetric and static volumetric gas flow standards are both affected by uncertainty components related to the measurement of the change of mass of gas within the inventory volume. In the process of diverting gas into the collection vessel, rapid pressure and temperature changes occur in the inventory volume. A low uncertainty gas flow standard requires thorough understanding of these t...

Different flow patterns of downward gas-liquid two-phaseflow using simple mixer are studied in an experimental manner. An experimental setup is designed and fabricated to allow the visual observation of downward two-phase flow patterns and their transitions. The flow patterns are recorded by a 1200 frames per second high speed video camera. The quality of downward two-phase flow patterns photos...

flow in the first two-stage of v 94.2 gas turbine is simulated numerically. in this turbine, the second stator is clocked relative to the first stator to different positions. steady-state analysis was carried out by varying the circumferential relative position of the consecutive stator vanes to study the effects of the clocking on turbine performance. a density based compressible inviscid flow...

In a gas-liquid stirred reactor, gas tends to accumulate in low-pressure regions behind the impeller blades. Such gas accumulation forming so-called gas cavities, significantly alters impeller performance characteristics. We have computationally investigated gas-liquid flow generated by a Rushton turbine. Rotating Rushton turbine generates trailing vortices behind the blades, which enhance the ...

The gas flow estimation is crucial for the proper operation and monitoring of turbocharged (TC) engines with a torque structured engine control unit (ECU). This paper presents mean value models developed for modeling gas flow over the compressor, the turbine and the wastegate (WG) in a TC gasoline engine not equipped with a hot film air-mass flow meter (HFM). The turbine flow ...

A flowmeter is described which may be used to measure gas flow in experimental situations. It may be adapted for use with any gas or gas mixture and be used to provide flows as small as 50 ml min-1. A mercury-in-glass manometer (sphygmomanometer) is used to measure the gas pressure proximal to a flow restrictor (consisting of a hypodermic needle hub) and it is this pressure head which, for a gi...