Adenoviruses (AdVs) are icosahedral viruses with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. Genome packaging in AdV is thought to be similar to that seen in dsDNA containing icosahedral bacteriophages and herpesviruses. Specific recognition of the AdV genome is mediated by a packaging domain located close to the left end of the viral genome and is mediated by the viral packaging machinery. Our unders...

Packaging of the eight genomic RNA segments of influenza A viruses (IAV) into viral particles is coordinated by segment-specific packaging sequences. How the packaging signals regulate the specific incorporation of each RNA segment into virions and whether other viral or host factors are involved in this process is unknown. Here, we show that distinct amino acids of the viral nucleoprotein (NP)...

saffron is a strategic exporting crop in our country and iran is known as the greatest producer and exporter of it in the world. deficient packaging systems can be the most common reasons of the decline in the iran's share in exporting saffron. appling the modern methods of packaging such as hurdle technology can greatly maintain the quality of saffron. despite developments in saffron packaging...

118 Packaging is an indispensible vehicle to deliver products to consumers. The definition of packaging says that it is a co-ordinated system of enclosing food to protect it from tampering or contamination from physical, chemical and biological sources. Now a days consumer requires food that are fresh, mildly preserved, convenient and ready to serve. Per capita consumption of packaging material...

But re-designing or optimising packaging involves a great deal more than simply making technical changes or packaging processes. In most cases, a total packaging solution will be called for, involving primary, secondary and tertiary pack functions, plus merchandising and on-pack messaging to the consumer. Trials may also have to be held to test customer perception and acceptance of the new pack...

As extended producer responsibility gains ascendancy in sustainable development, proper management of the life cycle of a product is becoming more and more important. This paper presents a general overview of product life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainable product packaging over the last four to five years. The review of life cycle assessment includes on overview of LCAs conducted over the ...

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), including vacuum packaging, is a well-known technique used to prolong the shelf life of perishable food products. By eliminating or replacing the air surrounding a packed food product, various deteriorative processes that occur in food can be restricted mostly by reducing O2-concentrations and increasing CO2-concentrations. As it is important to maintain the...

The objective of the present study was to determine the shelf life of ready-to-eat cooked chicken breast fillets (shredded) stored in atmospheres that were modified with different concentrations of CO2 and to establish a relationship between the concentration of this gas and bacterial growth. The samples were divided into 7 groups with different packaging conditions: aerobiosis, vacuum, and 10,...

BACKGROUND Lignin derivatives are phenylpropanoid biopolymers derived from pulping and biorefinery processes. The possibility to utilize lignin derivatives from different types of processes in advanced enzyme-catalyzed oxygen-scavenging systems intended for active packaging was explored. Laccase-catalyzed oxidation of alkali lignin (LA), hydrolytic lignin (LH), organosolv lignin (LO), and ligno...

for companies operating in the age of convergence of the quality of the products, differentiation is inevitable. packaging as a differentiation tool can be a remedy in this way. one of the differentiating ways in packaging is to design a kind of packaging that possesses some aesthetic aspects by which the product and even the brand of it can be recognize. previous researches showed that having ...