BACKGROUND Despite the existing knowledge regarding the negative mental health consequences of perceived racial discrimination, very few researchers have used a longitudinal design with long-term follow-up periods to explore gender differences in this association over time. OBJECTIVE The current longitudinal study aimed to investigate gender differences in predictive role of an increase in pe...

Using a nationally representative sample of college faculty from a wide array of institutions and science disciplines, this study investigates links between organizational conditions and women's representation on college faculties. Hypotheses derive from competing explanations for the sharp differences found in women's and men's career outcomes in academia: institutionalized discrimination that...

Cultural variation in parental preference for children of a particular gender remains a matter of great practical and theoretical concern, particularly for understanding nonWestern countries. The gender preference for children has received attention from two different theoretical frameworks that seem to have little contact with each other. One is the gender discrimination approach and the other...

Gender disparities in wages and attainment caused by employer discrimination can come about by three very different processes: (1) allocative discrimination, in terms of who gets allocated to which jobs, at the point of hire, in subsequent promotion, and dismissal, (2) within-job wage discrimination, the unequal pay for the same work for the same employer, and (3) valuative discrimination, the ...