Pendrin is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed in type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells in the distal nephron, where it facilitates Cl- absorption and is involved in Na+ absorption and acid-base balance. Pendrin-knockout mice show no fluid-electrolyte abnormalities under baseline conditions, although mice with double knockout of pendrin and the Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC) manifest profound sal...

â â â  â â â â â â  â  abstract â  based on the recent literature of heterogeneous firms, productive firms self select themselves into foreign markets. in this framework, there is a productivity rise prior to exporting. on the other words, different export performance across firms is linked to their heterogeneity. â  the main purpose of the present paper is to examine the so-called hypothesis o...

We develop two specification tests of predictive densities based on that the generalized residuals of correctly specified predictive density models are i.i.d. uniform. The simultaneous test compares the joint density of generalized residuals with product of uniform densities; the sequential test examines the hypotheses of serial independence and uniformity sequentially based on the copula repre...

A perfect-competition model is developed to analyze duality in specialization and technology such as in the men’s clothing industry, an industry with highly seasonal nature of the business cycle. We show that when the market fluctuation is large enough, some firms will specialize in one good with the advantage of static efficiency, while other firms will generalize in multi-variety production a...

We propose a generalized ordered response model that nests the popular Carlson-Parkin (CP) method to quantify household inflation expectations while explicitly control for cross-sectional heterogeneity in the threshold parameters and the variance. By matching qualitative and quantitative data from 1979 to 2012 from the University of Michigan’s Survey of Consumers, we find evidence against the t...

Sarabia et al. (1999) present a basic model to create ordered families of Lorenz curves, along with basic theorems that describe the conditions for the models to satisfy the definition of the Lorenz curve. Using these basic models, they suggest a family which includes several well-known Lorenz models as special cases. This paper first shows that their basic theorems can be generalized. The pape...

When resources are divided among agents, resources are in many cases divided proportionally to their claims. In this paper, we provide new axiomatizations of generalized proportional rules based on the axiom “decentralizability” due to Moulin [13,14,15]. Decentralizability requires that no reallocation by any coalition can affect the awards of the agents outside the coalition. Our results can e...