the present article reports a study carried out to investigate whether or not awareness of functional translation theories has any impact on the translation quality of translator trainees. 2oo iranian undergraduate students took part in this study. they were divided into four groups -two- experimental and two control groups. after homogenizing the participants by a toefl test, a translation pre...

Evaluation and error analysis of machine translation output are important but difficult tasks. In this article, we propose a framework for automatic error analysis and classification based on the identification of actual erroneous words using the algorithms for computation of Word Error Rate (WER) and Position-independent word Error Rate (PER), which is just a very first step towards developmen...

in this article the possible effects of the translation technologies on the critical thinking and translation ability of the students of the translation studies would be studied through a pre-experimental method of research. the participants of this research were thirty one iranian senior translation studies students at the age group of 20-26 who were selected based on their age, educational le...

Objective: Present the translation and cultural adaptation of BrAT for Brazilian population. Methodology: This cross-cultural study involved ten steps proposed by International Society Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research (ISPOR): preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, back-translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing – which comprised: a Delphi involving ...

Word based translation models in particular and phrase based translation models in general assume that a word in any context is equivalent to the same word in any other context. Yet, this is not always true. The words in a sentence are not generated independently. The usage of each word is strongly affected by its immediate neighboring words. The state-ofthe-art machine translation (MT) methods...

In this paper, we study translation surfaces generated by spherical indicatrices of timelike curves in Minkowski 3-space and find necessary sufficient conditions for the to be flat or minimal. Further, obtain generating geodesic, asymptotic line curvature. Finally such axis when they are constant angle surfaces.

We propose a robust method of automatically constructing a bilingual word sense dictionary from readily available monolingual ontologies by using estimation-maximization, without any annotated training data or manual tuning. We demonstrate our method on the English FrameNet and Chinese HowNet structures. Owing to the robustness of EM iterations in improving translation likelihoods, our word sen...

Francisco Oliveira, Fai Wong and Iok-Sai Hong. Systematic Processing of Long Sentences in Rule based Portuguese-Chinese Machine Translation The translation quality and parsing efficiency are often disappointed when Rule based Machine Translation systems deal with long sentences. Due to the complicated syntactic structure of the language, many ambiguous parse trees can be generated during the tr...