Malacoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the urinary tract frequently involving the urinary bladder. We present a case of 35 year old female with malacoplakia of the urinary bladder which was thought to be malignant on the cystoscopic examination. The diagnosis of malacoplakia was made on the biopsy. Since clinical and cystoscopic features closely simulate bladder malignancy, it...

Although tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it continues to be one of the leading infections associated with death in the world. Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) occurs in approximately 10% of the total cases, presenting with lymph nodes, pleura, bone and genitourinary tract as the most common locations. Genitourinary tuberculosis, the second most common EPTB, is very difficult to diagnose unless...

Of the chlamydia species that can cause infections in humans, C. trachomatis is responsible for lower urinary tract diseases in men and women. C. trachomatis infections are prevalent worldwide, but current research is focused on females, with the burden of disease and infertility sequelae considered to be a predominantly female problem. However, a role for this pathogen in the development of ma...

Infertility is an uncommon manifestation of genitourinary tract tuberculosis. Anatomic obstruction by granulomas or distortion of the normal anatomy by fibrosis surrounding the reproductive tract structures is the commonest cause of infertility. The diagnosis is usually based on a suggestive history along with evidence of granulomatous infection on a tissue sample. The management depends on the...

Reactive arthritis comprises a subgroup within infection-associated arthritides in genetically susceptible hosts. Researchers and clinicians recognize two clinical forms of reactive arthritis which occurs after genitourinary tract infection and after gastrointestinal tract infection. Chlamydia infection has been implicated as the most common agent associated with post-venereal reactive arthriti...

Small cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 20% of lung cancers; however, it rarely occurs at other sites. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) is notoriously aggressive with a strong propensity for both regional and distant spread. The majority of the literature on these uncommon tumours is from a clinicopathological viewpoint with a relative paucity of detail regarding the radiolog...

Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive soft tissue malignancy of childhood and adolescence arising from embryonal mesenchyme [1]. As compared to literature available, these tumours are mainly discussed in context of case studies. Most common affected sites are head, neck, abdomen and genitourinary tract [2]. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common subtype, of which botryoid is a polypoidal var...

The lung is a common site for metastatic foci from extrapulmonary malignancies. Abrams’ found the lung involved, metastatically, in 46.5 per cent of 1,000 autopsied cases of carcinoma. On the basis of radiographic evaluation, Pendergrass’ estimated the incidence of pulmonary metastases from all carcinomas to be 30 per cent and as high as 75 per cent from renal cancer. In general, the secondary ...

The Human Microbiome Project and other approaches are dedicated to the exploration of the vast complexity of microbial communities living in association with the human body, including the skin, oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, stomach, intestine, and genitourinary tract. The aim of these projects is to understand host-microbe interactions with regard to human health and disease. Next Gener...