In numerous internet of things (IoT) appliances, messages might require to be distributed certain specified nodes or objects with the multicast transmission. “The routing protocol can divided into nongeographic based and geographic based.” As locations device are roughly extracted by GPS devices, geographic-oriented schemes were chosen, because it induces lesser overheads. Nevertheless, extant ...

Future sensor networks will be composed of a large number of densely deployed sensors/actuators. A key feature of such networks is that their nodes are untethered and unattended. Consequently, energy efficiency is an important design consideration for these networks. Motivated by the fact that sensor network queries may often be geographical, we design and evaluate an energy efficient routing a...

Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) is the popular scope of research. It uses too many applications such as military and non-military. WSN is a base of the Internet of Things (IoT), pervasive computing. It consists of many nodes which are deployed in a specific filed for sense and forward data to the destination node. Routing in WSN is a very important issue because of the limitation of the...