Reliability and performance considerations have led to widespread use of mirror sites for content delivery. Based on measurements, redirection to a geographically closer replica is indeed valuable. Given an IP address, a mapping tool has to return the geographic location of the host to which the IP address has been assigned. This is a difficult problem because an IP address does not inherently ...

Geography models have introduced and estimated a set of competing explanations for the persistent relationships between firm and location characteristics, but cannot identify these forces. I introduce a solution method for models in arbitrary geographies that generates reduced-form predictions and tests to identify forces acting through geographic linkages. This theoretical approach creates a n...

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have not yet been widely introduced to secondary school geography education in Finland. However, in the outline of the new national curriculum for upper secondary schools, GIS is incorporated into the elective, advanced geography course. The Finnish universities will therefore face new challenges in reconstructing their degree requirements for geography te...

Spatializations are computer visualizations in which nonspatial information is depicted spatially. Spatializations of large databases commonly use distance as a metaphor to depict semantic (nonspatial) similarities among data items. By analogy to the “first law of geography”, which states that closer things tend to be more similar, we propose a “first law of cognitive geography,” which states t...

Spatially-Explicit Integrated Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of Criteria Weights in Multicriteria Land Suitability Evaluation REPRINT PUBLISHED IN 2014 IN ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE, 57, pp.235-247 Arika Ligmann-Zielinska , Piotr Jankowski Department of Geography, Michigan State University, 673 Auditorium Rd, Room 121, East Lansing, MI 48824-1117, United States Department of Geogr...

School texts on geography are an important but neglected repository of geographical knowledge and representations within the historiography of geography. During the period 1830-1918 geography school texts were influenced by European exploration, church sponsors of education, the mediation of religious and scientific explanation of the natural world, popular images of empire, and state education...

All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including O notice, is given to the source. There are two principal theories of why countries trade: comparative advantage and increasing returns to scale. Yet there is no empirical work that assesses the relative importance of these two theories in acc...

Global supply chains have a distinct geography that involves the dimensions of production, distribution, and consumption. This geography, at the heart of many sourcing strategies, is often neglected by supply chain managers, or at least scholars investigating supply chain management. Yet, this essay underlines that this geography reveals patterns that depict well the organization and structure ...

Geography plays an important role in shaping societal interactions in the offline world. However, as more and more social interactions occur online via social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook, users can interact with others unconstrained by their geolocations, raising the question: does offline geography still matter in online social networks? In this paper, we attempt to address this...