Liquid-dominated hydrothermal reservoirs, which contain saline fluids at high temperatures and pressures, have a significant potential for contamination of the environment by heavy metals. The design of the power conversion cycle in a liquid-dominated geothermal plant is a key factor in determining the impact of the installation. Reinjection of the fluid into the reservoir minimizes heavy metal...

Geothermal energy production In C&Hfomla has been Identified as a major source of arsenic by the California Air Resources Board. New regulations have been Implemented by the State of California, which require Information on ambient levels and emissions of inorganic arsenic. However ,these laws consider only total arsenic and do not lake Into account the potential diHerences In toxicily and perh...

Solarthermal plants can be supplemented with a seasonally operating geothermal deep probe and a heat pump, thus creating an energy supply system in which these devices support each other in an ideal manner. The system promises high shares of renewable energy and high efficiency of the solar and the geothermal system at the same time. This report introduces the concept of the system, explains it...

Silica scaling is probably the principal factor limiting the extraction of energy from high temperature geothermal systems. Silica exists in a number of polymorphs from quartz through to opal A (or amorphous silica). The thermodynamics of the solubility of quartz and amorphous silica with variations in temperature, salt content, pH and pressure are discussed. However, in silica saturated geothe...

Background The most essential requirements for a geothermal reservoir are sufficient temperature and permeability (e.g. Jung et al. 2002; Paschen et al. 2003; Schulz 2011; Schulz et al. 2009). Whereas the geothermal gradient for a given region is commonly constrained to a sufficient degree, estimates of porosities, fracture systems, permeabilities, and therefore the achievable convective heat f...

In order to face the growing energy demands, renewable energy sources can provide an alternative to fossil fuels. Thus, low-enthalpy geothermal plants may play a fundamental role in those areas— such as the Province of Viterbo—where shallow groundwater basins occur and conventional geothermal plants cannot be developed. Thismay lead to being fuelled by locally available sources. The aim of the ...

Geothermal energy piles are a quite recent renewable energy technique where geothermal energy in the foundation of a building is used to transport and store geothermal energy. In this paper, a structural-functional integrated cement-based composite, which can be used for energy piles, was developed using expanded graphite and graphite nanoplatelet-based composite phase change materials (CPCMs)....

The Cianten Caldera in Indonesia is immediately adjacent to the producing portion of the Awibengkok geothermal field. The Cianten Caldera contains rocks similar to those in the Awibengkok field, however, the Cianten Caldera is not capable of producing geothermal power on a commercial scale. The Cianten Caldera has been microseismically monitored along with the producing Awibengkok field as inje...

The demand of electricity is increased day by day, but the source of energy is limited in the earth like coal, gas, wind, uranium and others conventional source of energy. This problem can be solved by using non conventional sources of energy like solar energy wind energy, geothermal energy and any others non conventional sources. Wind is the useful non conventional source of the energy in Indi...

Vapor-dominated geothermal systems are proposed to originate by downward extension (by the "heat pipe" mechanism) into hot dry fractured rock above a large cooling igneous intrusion. High temperature zones found by drilling are shallow parts of the original hot dry rock where the penetration of the vapor reservoir was limited, and hot dry rock may extend under much of these reservoirs. An earli...