Extrinsic systems were shown to control the excitability of the neurones which mediate tail-flip escape in the crayfish. Restraint suppresses the escape mediated by giant fibres and some, but not all, categories of non-giant mediated escape; autotomy of claws increases the excitability of non-giant mediated escape without affecting the lateral giant reflex. The effects of restraint on the later...

Acetylcholine is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of insects. Mutant analysis of the Dalpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) of Drosophila shows that it is required for the giant fiber-mediated escape behavior. The Dalpha7 protein is enriched in the dendrites of the giant fiber, and electrophysiological analysis of the giant fiber circuit showed that ...

BACKGROUND Giant cell fibroma is a type of fibrous tumour of the oral mucosa which rarely affects children under the age of 10. The purpose of this paper was to contribute two clinically and histologically documented cases of giant cell fibroma in the free gingiva of a 7 and 6 year old boys. METHODS Both nodules were presented in the mandibular anterior region. In the differential diagnosis s...

For the eclipsing symbiotic binary FG Ser (AS 296) we have obtained a series of high resolution optical spectra. Combining the measured radial velocity variations for the red giant with published eclipse photometry gives a binary period of 650 days. We derive the radial velocity curve of the red giant, yielding the orbital parameters of the system and a mass function of mf = 0.039 M . We furthe...

Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UPC-OGCs) is a rare neoplasm with frequency of 0.2 % of reported pancreatic carcinomas [1]. Tumors with osteoclast-like giant cells have rarely been reported in a variety of extra-skeletal sites. On the alimentary tract, the pancreas is the most concerned [2, 3]. A number of terms have been used to describe variants of undi...

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a common reactive gingival lesion that histologically resembles the central giant cell granuloma, and is a central lesion of the jaws. Occasionally, central giant cell granuloma-like lesions may be seen in association with hyperparathyroidism. Rarely, PGCG-like lesions have been described in a background of hyperparathyroidism. We describe the case of a...

Giant cell arteritis is a granulomatous vasculitis of large and medium sized arteries manifesting as temporal arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica. The histological assessment of temporal artery biopsies is frequently encountered in anatomical pathology and has important diagnostic consequences in patients clinically suspected of having giant cell arteritis. We present an intriguing case of ...

Giant steps is a technique to accelerate Monte Carlo radiative transfer in opticallythick cells (which are isotropic and homogeneous in matter properties and into which astrophysical atmospheres are divided) by greatly reducing the number of Monte Carlo steps needed to propagate photon packets through such cells. In an optically-thick cell, packets starting from any point (which can be regarded...

Giant retinal tear (GRT) is defined as peripheral break extending through 900 or more of the retinal circumference in which the vitreous gel is attached essentially to the anterior flap thereby allowing independent mobility of the posterior edge of tear. GRT needs to be differentiated from Giant dialysis, which is retinal disinsertion from the ora serrata with 90 degrees or more of circumferent...