Studies have shown that the reduction of wustite is limiting factor in ironmaking process, whether hydrogen-based shaft furnaces, hydrogen-rich blast furnaces or smelting vessels. The study thermodynamic conditions for molten by hydrogen great significance optimization energy saving and emission reduction. Previous studies mostly focused on at a lower temperature, but data high temperatures are...

An amino-acid in proteins shows two different, yet mutually dependent faces connected through the polymer character of a protein in the final product. They are the amino-acid sidechain and its corresponding backbone part. On the level of the side-chains, we often refer to specific structural arrangements such as hydrophobic cluster motifs, salt-bridge motifs or hydrogen-bond motifs characterizi...

Glass is a freezing phase of a deeply supercooled liquid. Despite its simple definition, the origin of glass forming ability (GFA) is still ambiguous, even for binary Cu-Zr alloys. Here, we directly study the stability of the supercooled Cu-Zr liquids where we find that Cu64Zr36 at a supercooled temperature shows deeper undercoolability and longer persistence than other neighbouring composition...

pluronic/bile salt/phospholipid mixed micelles (pluronic/bs/ps-mm) drug carrier system for solubilization hydrophobic drugs was developed. a typical hydrophobic compound, pyrene, was selected as a representative hydrophobic compound to model the hydrophobic drugs. five pluronics, f68, f88, f98, f108, and f127 with different ppo chain length were studied. cmc data and solubilization capacities w...

In anisotropic or layered superconductors thermal fluctuations as well as impurities induce a van der Waals (vdW) attraction between flux lines, as has recently been shown by Blatter and Geshkenbein in the thermal case [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4958 (1996)] and by Mukherji and Nattermann in the disorder dominated case [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 139 (1997)]. This attraction together with the entropic or ...

An algorithm is described for the calculation of equilibrium compositions of multiple highly nonideal liquid and solid solutions, as well as pure stoichiometric phases, coexisting with a mixture of ideal gas species at fixed temperature and pressure. The total Gibbs free energy of the system is approximated as a quadratic function of the compositions of the gas phase and stable condensed phases...

We propose an image segmentation algorithm under an expectation-maximum scheme using a Bethe approximation. In the stochastic image processing, the image data is usually modeled in terms of Markov random fields, which can be characterized by a Gibbs distribution. The Bethe approximation, which takes account of nearest-neighbor correlations, provides us with a better approximation to the Gibbs f...