abstract environmental factors including salinity and temperature can affect the physiology and performance of the growth of fish, so many of internal organs such as gill may be showed wide range of morphological and functional changes. fingerling common carp were exposed for 21 days in groups at 20, 25 and 30°c and three salinity levels 0, 5 and 10ppt. histological changes of gills tissue of c...

In this research, gut lengths and numerical occurrence of gut contents (NO%) of Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle and Nerophis ophidion were examined. The specimens were captured with beach seine net in different habitats (vegetated and sandy-vegetated etc.) at the coasts of Aegean Sea between 2006-and 2008. The zooplanktonic preys were mostly consumed by Syngnathus acus and Nerophis ophidion,...

gut microbiota is formed by ten of trillions of microorganisms with at least 1000 different species of known bacteria. one - third of an individual gut microbiota is common to most people, while two - thirds are specific to him. growing amount of evidence indicates that gut microbiota characteristics may play an important role in mental dysfunctions. molecular mimicry between several key neurop...

contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. the aim of this study is to elucidate the accumulation and elimination of copper metal on the gill, muscle and skin tissues of black fish, capoeta fusca. sampling was carried out from qantas of birjand area in...

BACKGROUND Spore discharge in the majority of the 30,000 described species of Basidiomycota is powered by the rapid motion of a fluid droplet, called Buller's drop, over the spore surface. In basidiomycete yeasts, and phytopathogenic rusts and smuts, spores are discharged directly into the airflow around the fungal colony. Maximum discharge distances of 1-2 mm have been reported for these fungi...

the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of triticale with/ without enzyme cocktail (xylanase and β-glucanase) on performance of broiler chicks. five hundred day old male broiler chicks (ross 308), assigned to a factorial arrangement (5×2) with a completely randomized design with 5 replicates of 10 chicks each. the factors included 5 levels of triticale (0...

Background: Fish have been at high risk of atrazine toxicity. Comparative atrazine toxicity on the tissues of Clarias gariepinus is scanty. Therefore, acute and chronic effects of atrazine on some biochemical parameters in Clarias gariepinus were investigated in this study. Methods: Atrazine toxicity was determined by assessing the responses of glucose, protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT...

The pH of the gastrointestinal tract can have profound influences on digestive processes. Rodents exhibit wide variation in both stomach morphology and dietary strategies, both of which may influence gut pH. Various rodent species have evolved bilocular (or semi-segmented) stomachs that may allow for more microbial growth compared to unilocular (single-chambered) stomachs. Additionally, herbivo...