[1] Restoration of the dichotomy boundary to its original position to assess its origin requires a thorough knowledge of processes responsible for its degradation and retreat. The unique fretted terrain, located along the DeuteronilusProtonilus Mensae northern mid-latitude portion of the boundary, has been long held to provide clues to dichotomy degradation processes. We use new spacecraft data...

In the Southern Hemisphere long, continuous, and high-resolution series of terrestrial paleoclimatic data are scarce, and they are only slowly emerging. Globally speaking, the most extreme oceanic character is encountered between 40°S and 60°S (Fig. 1). In this latitudinal belt ninety-eight percent of water is juxtaposed to only two percent of land— Patagonia and a few sub-Antarctic islands. Th...

Catastrophic floods generated ~3.2 Ga by rapid groundwater evacuation scoured the Solar System's most voluminous channels, the southern circum-Chryse outflow channels. Based on Viking Orbiter data analysis, it was hypothesized that these outflows emanated from a global Hesperian cryosphere-confined aquifer that was infused by south polar meltwater infiltration into the planet's upper crust. In ...

Liquid water and ice are the dominant agents of erosion and sediment transport in most actively growing mountain belts. An exception is in the western Qaidam basin along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where wind and windblown sand have sculpted enormous yardang fields in actively folding sedimentary strata. Here, we present observations suggesting that since the late Pliocene, ...

The proposal that climate change can drive the uplift of mountain summits hinges on the requirement that glacial erosion significantly enhances the relief of a previously fluvially sculpted mountain range. We have tested this hypothesis through a systematic investigation of neighbouring glaciated and nonglaciated drainage basins on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada, CA. We present a simple,...

Fjords commonly punctuate continental edges formerly occupied by Quaternary ice sheets, reaching kilometre depths and extending many tens of kilometres inland. These features must have been created by late Cenozoic ice sheets, because rivers cannot erode bedrock much below sea level. Ice sheets drain primarily through fjords; therefore, widespread fjord insertion may have altered ice-sheet size...

Abstract. Modeling glacial landform evolution is more challenging than modeling fluvial evolution. While several numerical models of large-scale erosion are available, there only a few erosion, and their application over long time spans requires high effort. In this paper, simple formulation which similar to the stream-power model presented. The reproduces occurrence overdeepenings, hanging val...

Soil movement by tillage redistributes soil within the profile and throughout the landscape, resulting in soil removal from convex slope positions and soil accumulation in concave slope positions. Previous investigations of the spatial variability in surface soil properties and crop yield in a glacial till landscape in west central Minnesota indicated that wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields were ...

Uranium-series dating of corals from marine deposits of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain coupled with paleoclimatic reconstructions based on ostracode (marine) and pollen (continent) data document at least five relatively warm intervals during the last 500,000 years. On the basis of multiple paleoenvironmental criteria, we determined relative sea level positions during the warm intervals, relati...

Introduction: Simple models of geomorphic modification of planetary surfaces by erosion or deposition are reported here. These processes are linear and non-linear creep, uniform accrescence and decrescence, and non-linear airfall deposition. They do not include models of flow whose depth is of the same order of magnitude as the landform, such as glacial flow or relaxation of crater forms in pla...