objective(s): morphine dependence (md) potently protects heart against ischemia reperfusion (ir) injury through specific signaling mechanisms, which are different from the pathways involved in acute morphine treatment or classical preconditioning. since opioid receptor density changes post cerebral ischemia strongly correlated with brain histological damage, in the present study, we tried to el...

background: probiotics are microorganisms that may influence brain function via altering brain neurochemistry. new research evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria might protect tissue damage through diminishing the production of free radicals and/or inflammatory cytokines. therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotic bacteria on the prevention or reduction of brain...

objective(s) opioid abuse is still remained a major mental health problem, a criminal legal issue and may cause ischemic brain changes including stroke and brain edema. in the present study, we investigated whether spontaneously withdrawal syndrome might affect stroke outcomes. materials and methods addiction was induced by progressive incremental doses of morphine over 7 days. behavioral signs...

introdution: stroke is one of the most common diseases caused by occlusion or rupture of blood vessels in brain. it brings heavily loads for families and societies. although some new strategies including treatment of tissue plasminogen activator have been applied in the clinic, these methods do not have perfect effect. accordingly, more effective therapeutic strategies need to be developed. thi...

The use of appropriate animal models is essential to predict the value and effect of therapeutic approaches in human subjects. Focal (stroke) and global (cardiac arrest) cerebral ischemia represents diseases that are common in the human population. Stroke and cardiac arrest, which are major causes of death and disability, affect millions of individuals around the world and are responsible for t...

In clinical medicine, cerebral ischemia is frequently due to a focal, rather than global, insult. The effect of hyperglycemia in focal cerebral ischemia is not well defined. We studied the effect of hyperglycemia on neuropathologic changes in a rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia. Rabbits were randomized to receive saline (n = 12) or glucose (n = 12) infusions. The left anterior cerebral an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In a previous study from our laboratory, ritanserin, a specific 5-HT2 serotonin receptor antagonist, reduced ischemic damage in the setting of transient global ischemia. In this study, we examined the effect of ritanserin on ischemic cerebral blood flow, systemic blood pressure, and infarct volume in the model of permanent focal ischemia with brain temperature controlled ...

The present study has been designed to pharmacologically investigate the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in ischemic postconditioning-induced reversal of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion-induced behavioral dysfunction in mice. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h was employed in the present study to produce ischemia and reperfusion-induced cer...

objective(s): the alteration of glucose transporters is closely related with the pathogenesis of brain edema. we compared neuronal damage/death in the hippocampus between adult and young gerbils following transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and changes of glucose transporter-1(glut-1)-immunoreactive microvessels in their ischemic hippocampal ca1 region. materials and methods: transient cere...

In 27 cats treated to vary arterial serum glucose concentrations, we measured cerebral high-energy phosphate metabolite concentration and intracellular pH using in vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy during transient global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Hypoglycemia was induced with 4 units/kg i.v. insulin in six cats before ischemia; hyperglycemia was induced with 1...