نتایج جستجو برای: global projections
تعداد نتایج: 495287 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Clouds simulated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model are composited to derive the typical organization of clouds surrounding a midlatitude baroclinic system. Comparison of this composite of about 200 cyclones with that based on satellite data reveals that the ECMWF model quite accurately simulates the general positioning of clouds relative to a low pressure c...
The need for climate change information at the regional-to-local scale is one of the central issues within the global change debate. Such information is necessary in order to assess the impacts of climate change on human and natural systems and to develop suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies at the national level. The end-user and policy-making communities have long sought reliable reg...
Global scale forecasts of range shifts in response to global warming have provided vital insight into predicted species redistribution. We build on that insight by examining whether local warming will affect habitat on spatiotemporal scales relevant to regional agencies. We used generalized additive models to quantify the realized habitat of 46 temperate/boreal marine species using 41+ years of...
It has been widely noted that sea ice retreats faster in summer than winter in the Northern Hemisphere, both in observations and in projections from state-of-the-art climate models. Explanations for why the wintertime sea ice cover should be less sensitive to global warming have been proposed. However, in the Southern Hemisphere sea ice retreats fastest in winter in climate model projections. H...
Background Human resources are consistently cited as a leading contributor to health care costs; however the availability of internationally comparable data on health worker earnings for all countries is a challenge for estimating the costs of health care services. This paper describes an econometric model using cross sectional earnings data from the International Labour Organization (ILO) that...
Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidifi...
Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, ...
Food security assessment in sub-Saharan Africa requires simultaneous consideration of multiple socio-economic and environmental variables. Early identification of populations at risk enables timely and appropriate action. Since large and widely dispersed populations depend on rainfed agriculture and pastoralism, climate monitoring and forecasting are important inputs to food security analysis. ...
Species distributions have shifted in response to global warming in all major ecosystems on the Earth. Despite cogent evidence for these changes, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and currently imply gradual shifts. Yet there is an increasing appreciation of the role of discrete events in driving ecological change. We show how a marine heat wave (HW) eliminated a prominent habitat...
WHO reacts to countries' immediate needs and initiates sustainable measures such as the development of laboratory networks and active surveillance systems. Photo credit: WHO The regional strategy for communicable disease surveillance, forecasting and response depend s on national, regional and global surveillance and containment plans for emerging and re-emerging disease threats. The main strat...
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