In mammals, the kidneys originate in an embryo from mesoderm through three excretory organs, namely: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros. After formation of Metanephros is completed, begin to form nephrogenesis mesenchymal cells located at tip ureteric bud, that contribute glomerulus Renal tubules. The stages albino mice age 14 19 days gestation were studied. It was obtained after sacrific...

Clinicopathological studies of 89 cases of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis was carried out to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the disease. The results were compared with those of previous published reports to observe whether any difference between Japanese and caucasian patients exists. There were no obvious differences as to main clinical features, al...

Human deep sleep is characterized by reduced sensory activity, responsiveness to stimuli, and conscious awareness. Given its ubiquity and reversible nature, it represents an attractive paradigm to study the neural changes which accompany the loss of consciousness in humans. In particular, the deepest stages of sleep can serve as an empirical test for the predictions of theoretical models relati...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a truss mattress upon sleep and bed climate. The truss mattress which has been designed to decrease the pressure and bed climate humidity was tested. Six healthy female volunteers with a mean age of 23.3 years, served as subjects. The experiment was carried out under two conditions: a truss mattress (T) and a futon (F) (Japanese bedding). ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The program provides a unique opportunity to compare a large number of scorers with varied levels of experience to determine sleep stage scoring agreement. The objective is to examine areas of disagreement to inform future revisions of the AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. METHODS The sample included 9 record fragments, 1,800 epochs and more than 3,2...

The goal of this study is to contribute to discussions about age-related changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) complexity. Eight characteristics of complexity were evaluated for sleep EEG of 175 healthy subjects. The complexity of the sleep EEG significantly increased up to the age of about 60 years. Over 60 years, the complexity stagnated or slightly decreased. The same tendencies were manifes...

introduction and objective: alport’s syndrome (hereditary nephritis with deafness) is a familial uncommon disease that ultra-structural studies are gold standard method of its diagnosis. materials and methods:we studied 26 iranian patients suspicious of alport’s syndrome by electron microscopy. we examined 19 men and 7 women (male to female ratio was 2.7) and the average age was 1.5 years (with...

background assessment of glomerular filtration rate (gfr) by common creatinine-based methods is potentially inaccurate in patients with cirrhosis. cirrhotic patients have several underlying conditions that contribute to falsely low serum creatinine concentrations, even in the presence of moderate to severe renal impairment. therefore creatinine-based methods usually overestimate true gfr in the...