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The opioid-excess hypothesis of autism suggests that autism is the consequence of the incomplete breakdown and excessive absorption of peptides with opioid activity (derived from foods which contain gluten and casein), causing disruption to biochemical and neuroregulatory processes. Biochemical evidence has indicated the presence of increased levels of peptides in the urine of people with autis...

Popular diets often appeal to athletes because they promise an easy way to reduce body fat, increase muscle mass, and improve health. This article examines 4 popular diets: raw food diets, gluten-free diets, intermittent fasting, and the Paleolithic (‘‘Caveman’’) diet and discusses their premises, promises, pros, and pitfalls. Special emphasis is placed on what athletes should know if they choo...

Factors that affect adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD) are reported in children and adults; however, there is little data regarding young adults. The objective of the present study is to explore adherence challenges experienced by young adults in college. Responses from the online survey (N = 50), interview (N = 21), and focus group (N = 7) indicate students were motivated to adhere but ex...

BACKGROUND This study explores how a child's coeliac disease (CD) influences the daily life of families because such knowledge can enhance the understanding of how to support family adjustment to a gluten-free diet (GFD). METHODS We used an interpretative phenomenological approach, interviewing 20 parents of 14 children diagnosed with CD about their individual thoughts and beliefs. RESULTS ...

Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the cornerstone treatment for celiac disease (CD). GFD implies a strict and lifelong elimination from the diet of gluten, the storage protein found in wheat, barley, rye and hybrids of these grains, such as kamut and triticale. The absence of gluten in natural and processed foods, despite being the key aspect of GFD, may lead to nutritional consequences, such as defici...

Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder caused by ingestion of gluten. When diagnosed, it should be treated with a lifelong, strict gluten-free diet. Early infant feeding practices have been suggested as a means of preventing CD. In the last few decades, observational data have suggested that breastfeeding, especially at the time of introducing gluten into the infant’s diet, as well...