BACKGROUND Orthopaedic practice expenses are the costs associated with providing treatment that are incurred by a physician's practice. Certain payer types are thought to increase orthopaedic practice expenses by increasing paperwork and other administrative activities. Our study investigated the hypothesis that orthopaedic practice expenses would vary significantly by payer type. METHODS Wit...

As prosecutors have increasingly invoked asset forfeiture laws in their war against crime, scholars have harshly criticized the use of forfeiture laws to seize attorneys' fees. In cases in which attorneys' fees are seized, prosecutors claim that defendants are paying their lawyers with the proceeds of criminal activity. For example, drug dealers might use the profits from cocaine or heroin sale...

The developing countries like India with huge population face various problems in the field of healthcare with respect to the expenses, meeting the needs of the economically deprived people, access to the hospitals, and research in the field of medicine and especially in the time of spreading epidemics. The exponential growth of data over the last decade has introduced a new domain in the field...

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This Article considers whether infertile taxpayers can deduct their fertility treatment costs as medical expenses under Internal Revenue Code section 213 and whether they should be able to deduct them. Internal Revenue Code section 213 defines medical expenses as "amounts paid-for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or for the purpose of affecting any structure...

This paper investigates the relationship between nonprofit board composition and organizational efficiency. We test the hypothesis advanced by Fama and Jensen (1983) that the presence of major donors on the board and on key monitoring committees is associated with greater organizational efficiency due to donor monitoring activities. The multivariate analysis shows that the ratio of total expens...

The purpose of this article is to present a system dynamics (SD) model for studying the ‎interconnections among human being weight, eating habit, exercise, body fat, take-in medication, drugs-uses, and the health problems in general. Due to the fact that all of these factors have direct and indirect impacts on the expenses that insurance company have to pay this author is proposing a systems th...

Travel expenses represent up to 7% of organisations overall budget. Existing expenses systems are designed for reporting expenses types and amount, but not for understanding how to save and spend. We present a system, manipulating semantic web technologies, which aims at identifying, explaining, predicting abnormal expense claims by employees of large organisations in 500+ cities.

The CALTREC project automated the process of creating travel expense claims for the state of California. This project is a good representative of the types of projects expected to be done by the state. The application is heavily embedded in traditional data processing systems, which added much additional work outside the scope of what is considered to be knowledge engineering. The state of Cali...

According to the Constitution of Republic Poland 1997, a commune is basic unit local self-government. The realizes its own tasks and commissioned tasks, aim cater residents needs. In both analyzed communes, main source expenditure were tasks. balance sheet, education department had biggest share in communes. particular, these are expenses for kindergartens, primary schools, lower secondary scho...