Modern integrated circuits (ICs) include thousands of on-chip instruments to ensure that specifications are met and maintained. Scalable flexible access these is offered by reconfigurable scan networks (RSNs), e.g., IEEE Std. 1687. As RSNs themselves can become faulty, there a need exclude bypass faulty parts so remaining be used. To avoid keeping track updating description languages for each i...

The graceful exit transition from a dilaton-driven inflationary phase to a decelerated Friedmann−Robertson−Walker era requires certain classical and quantum corrections to the string effective action. Classical corrections can stabilize a high curvature string phase while the evolution is still in the weakly coupled regime, and quantum corrections can induce violation of the null energy conditi...

We briefly review the status of the “graceful exit” problem in superstring cosmology and present a possible resolution. It is shown that there exists a solution to this problem in two-dimensional dilaton gravity provided quantum corrections are incorporated. This is similar to the recently proposed solution of Rey. However, unlike in his case, in our one-loop corrected model the graceful exit p...