Many development tools of modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) make an intensive use of abstract syntax tree (AST) representations of the software. This is the case of refactors, code formatters, or content assistants, among others. Such AST is usually an instance of an object oriented abstract syntax model. We propose to center the attention of Language Engineering (LE) on this mo...

Even more so than natural language, code is extremely sensitive to syntax; a small error could make an entire snippet invalid. It therefore important explore methods for ensuring syntactic correctness in generated code. Existing resolve this issue often rely on the complex architecture of syntax-guided decoders. In work, we present grammar enforcement method, which introduces separate layer tha...

We describe a new framework for dependency grammar, with a modular decomposition of immediate dependency and linear precedence. Our approach distinguishes two orthogonal yet mutually constraining structures: a syntactic dependency tree and a topological dependency tree. The syntax tree is nonprojective and even non-ordered, while the topological tree is projective and partially ordered.

For better or worse, linguistics is rife with frameworks, each with its own ethos. Two important aspects of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar's are : (1) the search for an explicit and exhaustive account of the intricate syntactic and semantic facts that constitute one's grammar and (2) the hypothesis that general/universal and specific aspects of one's grammar are not qualitatively distinct...

Domain specific languages (DSLs) are languages in computer science which permit specifying compact solutions in clear-cut functional or technical application areas. Using a domain specific notation simplifies the integration of experts in comparison to conventional software development because the models are easier understood by them. The automatic creation of production code from domain specif...

Introduction Grammar is the description of the regularities in a language. Knowledge of these regularities provides the learner with the means to generate potentially enormous number of original sentences. Grammar teaching can proceed in two ways: covert grammar teaching where the rules are taught to a communicative syllabus and overt grammar teaching where the rules of grammar are presented ex...

Aims and Objectives: English allows inanimate objects to be sentence subjects (e.g., “The knife cut the bread”) but Korean Japanese restrict of causal sentences on basis animacy. In previous work, we found that speakers relaxed their native grammatical animacy constraint when immersed in knives acceptable Korean). We suggested this L2 influence occurred because does not map cleanly onto semanti...

XML is successful as a machine processable data interchange format, but it is often too verbose for human use. For this reason, many XML languages permit an alternative more legible non-XML syntax. XSLT stylesheets are often used to convert from the XML syntax to the alternative syntax; however, such transformations are not reversible since no general tool exists to automatically parse the alte...

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is attracting attention from both research and industry, as illustrated by the ever-growing popularity of AspectJ, the de facto standard AOP extension of Java. From a compiler construction perspective, AspectJ is interesting as it is a typical example of a compositional language, i.e. a language composed of a number of separate languages with different syntacti...

Recent research has shown clear improvement in translation quality by exploiting linguistic syntax for either the source or target language. However, when using syntax for both languages (“tree-to-tree” translation), there is evidence that syntactic divergence can hamper the extraction of useful rules (Ding and Palmer 2005). Smith and Eisner (2006) introduced quasi-synchronous grammar, a formal...