In an attempt to dispel the persisting fallacy that an individual’s grammar knowledge is indicative of the way they put this knowledge into practice, this study seeks to highlight the inconsistency which resides between one’s competence and performance in the domain of conjunctions. It aims to shed light on the discrepancy which lies between the knowledge and production of conjunctions. The res...

This paper examines the effect of gender and type of stem on Iranian test takers’ performance on the grammar section of a nation-wide language proficiency test. In so doing, the scores of 2931 examinees (1107 female and 1824 male) who sat Tarbiat Modares English proficiency test were obtained. The examinees’ scores on three types of MC grammar items with different kinds of stems (i.e., blank fi...

In the era of IR4.0, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one major focuses because text stored digitally to code information. language understanding requires a computational grammar for syntax and semantics in question this information be manipulated digitally. Many languages around world have their own grammars processing semantics. However, when it comes Malay language, researchers yet come ...

This paper presents a parsing algorithm in Prolog using GULP, based on dependency grammar and unification-based grammar.1 It parses declarative sentences of a free-word-order language, Korean. The dependency grammar accepts free order of the words in a sentence. Unification-based features separate the grammar from the parsing algorithm and also simplify the notation of the grammar. GULP (Graph ...