Granular materials have a tendency to exhibit an arching effect by which the load is transferred from yielding parts to adjacent stationary parts. Retaining walls are among those structures that the soil arching plays an important role in the distribution of earth pressures. This paper briefly reviews the development of soil arching theory and its application to different geotechnical projects....

structure of air-dry soils, pedality refers to dry aggregates. Dry aggregation is an important phase of structure Soil structural stability often decreases as the intensity of cultivation genesis in arid and semiarid soils, where it is transient, increases. The effect of three different management systems (grass, no-till, and till) on soil aggregate stability and sizes were studied in formed on...

We study the effect of the anisotropy induced by loading on the elastoplastic response of a two dimensional discrete element model granular material. The anisotropy of the contact network leads to a breakdown of the linear isotropic elasticity. We report on a linear dependence of the Young moduli and Poisson ratios on the fabric coefficients, measuring the anisotropy of the contact network. The...

Host–parasite relationships in root-knot disease of spinach caused by Meloidogyne incognita race 1 were studied under glasshouse conditions. Nematode-induced mature galls were large and usually contained one or more females and egg masses with eggs. Feeding sites were characterized by the development of giant cells containing granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei. The cytoplasm in th...

Class F fly ash cannot be used alone in soil stabilization applications as it is not selfcementing. An activator such as Portland cement or lime must be added to produce cementitious products often called pozzolan stabilized mixtures. The developed mixture must possess adequate strength and durability, should be easily compacted, and most importantly should be economical and environmentally fri...

Granular materials are ubiquitous on Earth and in space. Because condensed planets and their satellites are chiefly made up of solids, any mission landing on their surface must establish how to deal with the technological obstacles they present [1]. Sample return missions to distant objects require a strategy for extracting solids, and possibly processing them to liberate valuable components su...

Geotechnical infrastructures may be subjected over their lifetime to long-term loading cycles of varying amplitude, frequencies and direction as a result the combination environmental operational processes. Soil elements surrounding foundations these geotechnical systems are in turn complex six-dimensional stress paths, invariably involving rotation principal axes. Changes soil's mechanical pro...

Steep slopes consisting of disturbed soil are very often found in construction, landfill, and surface mining situations. Although legislation and economics dictate that vegetative cover be established on these slopes as rapidly as possible, the occurrence of large rainfall events during critical periods of vegetation establishment can frequently cause extensive soil loss. Sediment generated fro...