Ferrous metals include cast iron, steel, and the various steel alloys, The only difference between iron and steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains more than 2-percent carbon, while steel contains less than 2 percent. An alloy is a substance composed of two or more elements. Therefore, all steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term “alloy steel” normally refers to a steel that...

The machining process is a major activity in the industry, especially automotive industry. inseparable from coolant (coolant), where role of to act as cool working conditions, material cleaning, and corrosion prevention. use cutting fluid has negative impact when waste management not carried out properly, it will be damaging environment public health. In order reduce environmental health damage...

This work analyzes the growth of graphite in eutectic system gray cast iron, focusing on laminar type A and undercooled D morphology, a modified such as vermicular or compact graphite. The objective study is to find an optimal structure, from which new class lightweight materials results that has been called aero-eutectic (AEG). method obtain AEG consists dissolving iron ferrous matrix by means...

The reason of this study is low cycle failure of cast iron cylinder head during the E5 standard durability test. The goal of the present investigation is durability test simulation and low cycle fatigue life evaluation of cast iron cylinder head. With uncouple structural analysis, preloads, thermal and mechanical load and boundary conditions are prescribed to finite element model of the cylinde...

Gray cast iron (GCI) is a conventional material used in industrial applications and it well known for its usage brake disc fabrication. In the case of vehicles that serve passenger transport, one solutions to prolong lifetimes discs can be laser clad their surface with harder corrosion-resistant materials. This research aims improve mechanical properties using Inconel 718 (IN718) metallic powde...