Pleistocene diversity was much higher than today, for example there were three distinct wolf morphotypes (dire, gray, Beringian) in North America versus one today (gray). Previous fossil evidence suggested that these three groups overlapped ecologically, but split the landscape geographically. The Natural Trap Cave (NTC) fossil site in Wyoming, USA is an ideally placed late Pleistocene site to ...

An extensive debate concerning the origin and taxonomic status of wolf-like canids in the North American Great Lakes region and the consequences for conservation politics regarding these enigmatic predators is ongoing. Using maternally, paternally and biparentally inherited molecular markers, we demonstrate that the Great Lakes wolves are a unique population or ecotype of gray wolves. Furthermo...

We use carbon and nitrogen isotope data collected from two North American gray wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) populations (Isle Royale and northern Minnesota) to both calculate carnivore-specific isotopic variables and investigate wolf foraging ecology. The isotopic enrichments of 13C and 15N that occur between mammalian carnivores and their prey have not been well defined in modern populations. W...

Abstract With the rapid development of modern wireless technology, it is necessary to continuously optimize microwave devices meet higher requirements communication systems. In this paper, we propose a device optimization method based on extreme learning machine (ELM) and gray wolf optimizer (GWO). adopt GWO parameters ELM establish mapping relationships between design their responses. Accordin...

Abstract Wind power forecasting deals with the prediction of expected generation wind farms in next few minutes, hours, or days. The application machine learning techniques has become great interest due to their superior capability perform regression, classification, and clustering. Support vector regression (SVR) is a powerful suitable tool that been successfully used for forecasting. However,...

Metaheuristic optimization algorithms play a crucial role in problems. However, the traditional identification methods have following problems: (1) difficulties nonlinear data processing; (2) high error rates caused by local stagnation; and (3) low classification resulting from premature convergence. This paper proposed variant based on gray wolf algorithm (GWO) with chaotic disturbance, candid...

Blind voice separation refers to retrieve a set of independent sources combined by an unknown destructive system. The proposed separation procedure is based on processing of the observed sources without having any information about the combinational model or statistics of the source signals. Also, the number of combined sources is usually predefined and it is difficult to estimate based on the ...

Following the production of western gray wolf (Canis lupus) x western coyote (Canis latrans) hybrids via artificial insemination (AI), the present article documents that the hybrids survived in captivity for at least 4 years and successfully bred with each other. It further reports that backcrossing one of the hybrids to a male gray wolf by AI also resulted in the birth of live pups that have s...

Aiming at the shortcomings of Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHO), such as poor initial population diversity, slow convergence speed, local ability, and easily falling into optimum, a (CCCHHO) integrating multiple mechanisms is proposed. First, diversity enhanced by initialization chaotic method. Second, cosine function used to better simulate characteristics periodic change energy prey i...